The present invention relates to the field of air filtration, in particular to a polytetrafluoroethylene composite filter material. The polytetrafluoroethylene composite filter material comprises a supporting layer and a polytetrafluoroethylene film layer, wherein the supporting layer is a silver-plated carbon nanomaterial-modified meltblown nonwoven fabric. The polytetrafluoroethylene composite filter material is prepared by fiberizing a resin material modified by silver-plated carbon nanomaterial on the surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene film by a melt-blowing method. The polytetrafluoroethylene composite filter material of the present invention combines filtering and sterilizing functions, has higher filtering efficiency and filtering precision, has the functions of sterilizing and killing viruses, has a good isolation effect, and greatly prolongs the service life of the filter material.

Provided are a polar carbon nanotube dispersion which may be dispersed in a solvent at a high concentration, and a separator having improved filtration efficiency based on a polar carbon nanotube manufactured from the dispersion and a polar one-dimensional carbon body. According to the separator and the method for manufacturing the same of the present invention, a polar carbon nanotube dispersion which may be dispersed in a solvent at a high concentration even without use of a surfactant or a stabilizer may be prepared, and a separator which is not easily exfoliated and may be stably used even under a high pressure may be manufactured, based on a polar carbon nanotube prepared from the polar carbon nanotube dispersion and a polar one-dimensional carbon body.

A plasma activated water production system includes a plasma reactor and a membrane concentrator. The plasma reactor includes an internal cavity, at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary and outlet capillary. A mixing chamber has a feed gas inlet, a liquid inlet, and a mixed gas and liquid outlet. A power source is provided. The plasma reactor propagates a plasma discharge between the inlet capillary and the outlet capillary. A membrane concentrator includes a water flow channel with a water inlet and a water outlet, a dry gas inlet and a humidified gas outlet. An ion selective membrane is provided, and water will pass through the membrane into the dry gas, and the water leaving the membrane concentrator will have increased concentrations of nitrates, nitrites and hydrogen peroxide. An electrodialysis embodiment and a method of generating plasma activated with increased concentration of nitrates, nitrites and hydrogen peroxide are also disclosed.

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and apparatus for producing a carbon nanomaterial product (CNM) product that may comprise carbon nanotubes and various other allotropes of nanocarbon. The method and apparatus employ a consumable carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and a renewable carbonate electrolyte as reactants in an electrolysis reaction in order to make CNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, operational conditions of the electrolysis reaction may be varied in order to produce the CNM product with a greater incidence of a desired allotrope of nanocarbon or a desired combination of two or more allotropes.

Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was used to generate high purity water from bacteria and endotoxin-contaminated water. The DCMD system includes a nanocarbon-coated membrane. Exemplary nanocarbon-coated membranes include a layer of carbon nanotubes immobilized relative to a polytetrafluorethylene surface (CNIM), a layer of carboxylate functionalized carbon nanotubes immobilized in the PTFE (CNIM-COOH), and a layer of graphene oxide immobilized in the PTFE (GOIM). The nanocarbon-immobilized membranes are effective in generating ultrapure, medical grade water.

A membrane distillation (MD) system consisting of a membrane module and carbon nanotube immobilized membrane for organic solvent separation is disclosed. The MD module includes a feed inlet and outlet, a sweep gas inlet, and a sweep gas outlet. Thermostats are positioned at the feed inlet and outlet to measure the change in temperature. Preferential sorption of the organic on carbon nanotube immobilized membrane contributes to enhanced solvent removal of the MD system. A pervaporation (PV) system consisting of a membrane module and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mixed matrix membranes with graphene oxide (GO)—carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for enhanced purification of the alcohol solution after membrane distillation to remove trace amount of water is disclosed.

The present disclosure generally relates to liquid separation membranes. The present disclosure also relates to membranes comprising at least a nanoporous hydrophilic layer and a porous hydrophobic substrate. The present disclosure also relates to a process for preparing the membranes and to use of the membranes in pervaporation and/or membrane distillation processes including desalination and/or solvent dehydration.

A method of manufacturing a PVDF composite separation membrane according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has advantages in that it is possible to control the size of pores in various ways based on the nonsolvent-induced phase transition process and calcination process, and manufacture a porous high-strength PVDF composite separation membrane having high water permeability, and it is possible to manufacture a PVDF composite separation membrane which may exhibit durability that does not damage the membrane even under high pressure, while having heat resistance applicable even at a high temperature of 150° C., and excellent chemical resistance to acids and alkalis, and suppress heavy metal adsorption and biofouling phenomenon, and may allow an organic material to be decomposed by ultrasonic waves or UV photocatalysts. In addition, the PVDF composite separation membrane has excellent mechanical, thermal and chemical resistance properties, suppresses the biofouling phenomenon, and exhibits high ultrasonic reactivity.

The present disclosure relates to carbon nanotube based desalination membranes and methods of manufacturing thereof. The carbon nanotube based desalination membranes may be manufactured by: providing a polymer matrix; providing carbon nanotubes directly contacting the polymer matrix; stirring the carbon nanotubes into the polymer matrix in order to make a carbon nanotube composite solution; and coating a substrate with the carbon nanotube composite solution to form a carbon nanotube desalination membrane. The carbon nanotube based desalination membranes may provide superior flow rate and high levels of salt rejection.

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and apparatus for producing a carbon nanomaterial product (CNM) product that may comprise carbon nanotubes and various other allotropes of nanocarbon. The method and apparatus employ a consumable carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and a renewable carbonate electrolyte as reactants in an electrolysis reaction in order to make CNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, operational conditions of the electrolysis reaction may be varied in order to produce the CNM product with a greater incidence of a desired allotrope of nanocarbon or a desired combination of two or more allotropes.