The invention relates to a mechanically stable ultrafiltration membrane and to a method for producing such an ultrafiltration membrane.

A cellulose ester, wherein, in a structural formula of the following general formula (I), a degree of substitution where X is an acyl group is from 2.91 to 3.0; the acyl group includes benzoyl group (A) optionally having a substituent, and benzoyl group (B) optionally having a substituent different from that of benzoyl group (A); and when the degree of substitution is 3.0, a degree of substitution of benzoyl group (A) is from 1.5 to 2.9, and a degree of substitution of benzoyl group (B) is from 0.1 to 1.5, ##STR00001##
wherein all or some of X represents an acyl group; when some of X represents an acyl group, the remainder represents a group selected from a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group; and n represents an integer of from 20 to 20,000.

A cellulose ester, wherein, in a structural formula of the following general formula (I), a degree of substitution where X is an acyl group is from 2.91 to 3.0; the acyl group includes benzoyl group (A) optionally having a substituent, and benzoyl group (B) optionally having a substituent different from that of benzoyl group (A); and when the degree of substitution is 3.0, a degree of substitution of benzoyl group (A) is from 1.5 to 2.9, and a degree of substitution of benzoyl group (B) is from 0.1 to 1.5, ##STR00001##
wherein all or some of X represents an acyl group; when some of X represents an acyl group, the remainder represents a group selected from a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group; and n represents an integer of from 20 to 20,000.

An electrochemical compressor utilizes a working fluid having a proton associable component, such as ammonia. Water may be reacted on a anode to form protons that are transported through an ion conducting membrane to the cathode side of the electrochemical compressor. The proton associable component of the working fluid will be pulled through the ion conducting membrane along with the proton. The ion conducting membrane may include perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer, polystyrene sufonic acid ionomer and/or carboxymethyl cellulose.

The present invention provides a separation membrane having excellent separation performance and permeation performance, having high membrane strength, and mainly including a cellulose-based resin. The present invention relates to a separation membrane containing a cellulose ester and having a tensile elasticity of 1,500 to 6,500 MPa.

Provided is a method for preparing a gas separation membrane, the method including forming a porous layer by coating a hydrophilic polymer solution on a porous substrate; and forming an active layer by coating a composition for forming an active layer including a polymer of Chemical Formula 1 on the porous layer, ##STR00001## wherein in Chemical Formula 1, n is the number of a repeating unit, and is an integer of 500 to 3,000, and R1 to R5 are the same as or different from each other, and each independently is hydrogen, an alkyl group, or —(C═O)R6, and R6 is an alkyl group, wherein the polymer of Chemical Formula 1 is included in an amount from 1% by weight to 5% by weight based on the composition for forming an active layer, and a gas separation membrane prepared using the same.

The present disclosure describes a flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) desalination system and method of use. An FCDI desalination system is described employing one or more FCDI cells equipped with two coaxially oriented membranes mounted within a column housing capped with two end caps, each end cap comprising two carbon slurry ports and one water port. The column is lined with a chargeable sleeve capable of receiving a positive or negative charge. The annular space between the chargeable sleeve and the outside surface of the outer concentric membrane creates a flow path for a first carbon slurry to pass therethrough. The space between the inside surface of the outer concentric membrane and the outer surface of the inner concentric membrane creates a flow path for the saline water to be treated. The space within the inner annular portion of the inner concentric membrane creates a flow path for a second carbon slurry and contains a chargeable rod or wire capable of receiving an opposite charge. The first and second opposed end caps on the column are outfitted to continue these independent flow paths. As the saline water travels through its flow path, its salt ions are removed through the coaxial membranes via the two carbon slurries.

The present disclosure describes a flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) desalination system and method of use. An FCDI desalination system is described employing one or more FCDI cells equipped with two coaxially oriented membranes mounted within a column housing capped with two end caps, each end cap comprising two carbon slurry ports and one water port. The column is lined with a chargeable sleeve capable of receiving a positive or negative charge. The annular space between the chargeable sleeve and the outside surface of the outer concentric membrane creates a flow path for a first carbon slurry to pass therethrough. The space between the inside surface of the outer concentric membrane and the outer surface of the inner concentric membrane creates a flow path for the saline water to be treated. The space within the inner annular portion of the inner concentric membrane creates a flow path for a second carbon slurry and contains a chargeable rod or wire capable of receiving an opposite charge. The first and second opposed end caps on the column are outfitted to continue these independent flow paths. As the saline water travels through its flow path, its salt ions are removed through the coaxial membranes via the two carbon slurries.

The invention relates to a dialysis cell for sample preparation for a chemical analysis method, in particular for ion chromatography. The dialysis cell comprises a donor channel and an acceptor channel extending parallel thereto. The donor channel and the acceptor channel are separated from each other by a selectively permeable dialysis membrane. In particular, an analyte that is dissolved in a donor solution in the donor channel can enter through the dialysis membrane into the acceptor solution in the acceptor channel. The acceptor channel has at least in some sections a volume that is smaller than the volume of the donor channel extending parallel thereto. Acceptor and donor channels are formed from half-cells, between which the dialysis membrane is arranged, wherein the donor channel and the acceptor channel are designed in each case as a recess in a contact surface of one of the half-cells with the dialysis membrane.

The invention relates to a dialysis cell for sample preparation for a chemical analysis method, in particular for ion chromatography. The dialysis cell comprises a donor channel and an acceptor channel extending parallel thereto. The donor channel and the acceptor channel are separated from each other by a selectively permeable dialysis membrane. In particular, an analyte that is dissolved in a donor solution in the donor channel can enter through the dialysis membrane into the acceptor solution in the acceptor channel. The acceptor channel has at least in some sections a volume that is smaller than the volume of the donor channel extending parallel thereto. Acceptor and donor channels are formed from half-cells, between which the dialysis membrane is arranged, wherein the donor channel and the acceptor channel are designed in each case as a recess in a contact surface of one of the half-cells with the dialysis membrane.