A method of making a cobalt compound for feed supplements includes the steps of dissolving cobalt acetate tetrahydrate in water to form a mixture, adding an acid to the mixture, sonicating the mixture for a selected time, removing acetic acid from the mixture, and separating crystals of the cobalt compound from the mixture.

The invention relates to a process for obtaining 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone from an organic mixture comprising 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone and a linear C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 carboxylic acid as organic solvent, comprising: (a) cooling the organic mixture by (a1a) mixing the organic mixture with water in a crystallization vessel to obtain a liquid mixture; (a1b) cooling the liquid mixture obtained in (a1a) to a temperature below the saturation point of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone by (i) reducing the pressure in the crystallization vessel to a pressure at which the water starts to evaporate, (ii) condensing the evaporated water by cooling, (iii) mixing the condensed water into the liquid mixture in the crystallization vessel, to obtain a suspension comprising crystallized 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone; or by (a2) bringing the organic mixture into contact with at least one coolable surface and thereby reducing the temperature in the organic mixture with a cooling rate in the range from 5 to 50 K/h until a temperature in the range from 10 to 30° C. is reached, wherein the organic mixture and the at least one coolable surface have a temperature difference which is kept during the whole cooling process in the range from 1 to 30 K to obtain a suspension comprising crystallized 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone. (b) carrying out a solid-liquid-separation of the suspension obtained in (a1b) or in (a2) to obtain a residual moisture containing solid 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone as product and mother liquor comprising the organic solvent and water.

Provided herein are processes for the removal and/or recovery of a target metal from a liquid sample, said process comprising: [1] applying acoustic cavitation to the liquid; and [2] adding an iron (II) salt, or a precursor form thereof, to the liquid sample and allowing Fenton oxidation reaction to occur between the iron and hydrogen peroxide in the liquid, thereby producing hydroxyl radicals; thereby producing a target metal salt or metal oxide having a reduced solubility in the liquid sample, leading to removal of the target metal from the liquid sample. The use of metal ligands in such processes is also described, as well as systems for performing such processes. Methods, processes, and systems for removing organic contaminants from a liquid sample are also described.

A method of separating material, such as foam, sludge, oil or grease, at a fluid's surface, by applying acoustic pressure shock waves to the material and the fluid's surface such that acoustic pressure shock waves are propagated in liquid medium of the fluid and in gas medium above the fluid surface.

A system and method for crystallization and pelleting of a cannabinoid, including cannabidiol (CBD).

An ultrasound crystallization device includes a tubular crystallization reactor (102) for conducting process fluid containing substance to be crystallized, an ultrasound source (104) for radiating ultrasound to the tubular crystallization reactor, and a temperature-control structure (105) for controlling the temperature of the process fluid with the aid of temperature-control fluid. The tubular crystallization reactor is shaped to conduct the process fluid to flow around the ultrasound source, and the temperature-control structure comprises a flow-guide structure (106) for guiding at least a part of the temperature-control fluid to flow around the ultrasound source. The flow-guide structure improves the accuracy of the temperature control of the process fluid and also the ability of the temperature control to react to changes.

A liquid process assembly, the assembly including a length of pipework, and a reversible pump for selectively reciprocally moving liquid through the pipework.

A Reflux Rinsing apparatus for purifying crystals using solvent vapor through dynamic equilibrium recrystallization. A pressure vessel contains a liquefied gas solvent, impure crystalline starting material initially, and a purified crystalline mass at the conclusion of the purifying process. A mechanism is provided for providing pressure to contents of the pressure vessel and for heating the lower portion thereof. A timer is also connected to the mechanism, the timer being set to heat the pressure vessel to drive vapors and reflux rinsing to remove impurities at the surface of an impure crystalline mass, to reclaim the solvent, leaving purified crystals and impurities in the pressure vessel, and to open the pressure vessel to remove the purified crystals from the vessel walls and bottom surface and to remove the impurities from the vessel. The angle of a crystal bed in the apparatus can be adjusted.

A process for dry fractionization of a soft palm oil mid fraction (SPMF) into a final hard palm oil mid fraction (fHPMF-A) is disclosed. The process comprises: providing the solf palm oil mid fraction (SPMF), using the soft palm oil mid fraction (SPMF) as an input (IN1) to a first dry fractionation (FDF) to obtain an intermediate olein fraction (SPMF-O) and an intermediate stearin fraction (SPMF-S), using the intermediate olein fraction (SPMF-O) as an input (IN2) to an ultrasound assisted second dry fractionation (SDF) to obtain the final hard palm oil mid fraction (fHPMF-A) and a palm oil olein fraction (POO), wherein the ultrasound assisted second dry fractionation (SPF) comprises subjecting at least a part of the input (IN2) to ultrasonic treatment (US2). Also disclosed is a final hard palm oil mid fraction (fHPMF-A), a second hard palm oil mid fraction (sHPMF-B), a hard palm oil mid fraction mixture, and uses of these.

A system and method for crystallization and pelleting of a cannabinoid, including cannabidiol (CBD).