A fine bubble generator may include an inlet; an outlet; a first fine bubble generation portion; and a second fine bubble generation portion. The first fine bubble generation portion includes: a diameter-reducing flow path and a diameter-increasing flow path. The second fine bubble generation portion includes: a first swirling flow generation portion; and a second swirling flow generation portion. The first swirling flow generation portion includes: a first outer peripheral portion; and a plurality of first vanes disposed configured to generate a first swirling flow flowing in a first swirling direction with respect to a center axis of the second fine bubble generation portion. The second swirling flow generation portion includes: a second outer peripheral portion; and a plurality of second vanes configured to generate a second swirling flow flowing in a second swirling direction opposite to the first swirling direction with respect to the center axis.

The invention relates to a generator and its operation and use for generating toroidal and spatial vortices in a liquid. It comprises a rotationally symmetrical stator housing with an inlet opening and an eccentric outlet opening. It further comprises a rotor rotatably arranged in the stator housing with radially outwardly extending channels in constant fluid connection to the inlet opening. The rotor comprises a rotor disc, radially outside of the rotor with a side surface with inner notches in fluid connection to the rotor channels. The stator housing comprises a stator disc comprising a side surface with stator notches. When these notches face each other due to rotation of the rotor disc, a periodical liquid flow from the inner notches to the stator notches is formed and toroidal vortices are generated in the portioned liquid by shear stress as the portions of liquid move back and forth in the notches.

A system, method, and apparatus for oxygenation of a source of water, to increase the dissolved oxygen content of water. Aspects of the present invention harnesses and directs the power of water flowing through the system to extract oxygen present in air, rather than relying on the injection of gas or using other mechanical means. The water oxygenator is formed as an elongate cylindrical tube having a water inlet at a first end, a water outlet at a second end, and an air inlet proximal to the first end. The elongate cylindrical tube has an outer sidewall defining a mixing chamber within an interior cavity of the water oxygenator. The mixing chamber includes a plurality of baffles that are disposed in a spaced apart relation along a longitudinal length of the interior cavity.

A method of evaporating a fluid is provided. The method comprises forming a flow with toroidal vortices in the fluid, such that the fluid is exposed to alternating flow velocities and alternating pressures, thereby increasing evaporation of the fluid. A method of precipitating salt out of an aqueous solution is also provided. The method comprises forming a flow with toroidal vortices in the aqueous solution, such that the aqueous solution is exposed to alternating flow velocities and alternating pressures, thereby initiating precipitation of salts from the solution.

A mixing conduit for use within an exhaust treatment system of a work vehicle. The mixing conduit is configured to receive engine exhaust and a mixture of engine exhaust and reductant. The mixing conduit includes an outer tube and an inner tube within the outer tube. Each tube extends lengthwise from upstream ends to downstream ends of the inner and outer tubes, respectively. The inner tube includes an exterior surface, and the outer tube includes an interior surface. The inner tube defines an inner flowpath within the inner tube. The outer tube and inner tube also define an outer flowpath radially between the exterior surface of the inner tube and the interior surface of the outer tube. The mixing conduit further includes one or more swirler vanes extending radially between the exterior surface of the inner tube and the interior surface of the outer tube and within the outer flowpath.

An aftertreatment system for treating constituents of an exhaust gas produced by an engine, comprising: a housing; a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system disposed within the housing; a reductant injector disposed on a sidewall of the housing upstream of the SCR system and configured to insert a reductant into the exhaust gas; and a vortex generator disposed in the housing, the vortex generator comprising at least one deflector disposed on a surface within the housing, the at least one deflector configured to generate vortices in a portion of the exhaust gas flow flowing over the at least one deflector such that the portion of the exhaust gas remains attached to the surface at a downstream location of the surface.

The apparatus can produce a product highly mixed and dispersed to a quasi-perfect level in a short time and has an extremely simple arrangement to reduce the processing cost. The mixing/dispersing apparatus for a liquid/liquid mixture includes an elongated thin tube into which the liquid/liquid mixture flows, an inlet provided at one end of the elongated thin tube to receive the liquid/liquid mixture, an outlet provided at the other end to discharge the liquid/liquid mixture, and a mixture pumping device for allowing the mixture to be fed under pressure into the elongated thin tube at a flow rate exceeding a critical Reynolds number. Two liquid storage boxes are provided such that one is located before the inlet provided at one end of the elongated thin tube and the other is located after the outlet, and a plurality of elongated thin tubes is provided between the liquid storage boxes.

A flameless thermal oxidizer apparatus for a gaseous stream containing hydrogen includes a vessel containing a ceramic matrix bed; and a dip tube extending into the ceramic matrix bed, the dip tube including a first flow path for a first stream having hydrogen therein, and a second flow path for a second stream having an oxidant therein to be mixed with the first stream for introduction into the ceramic matrix bed. A related method is also provided.

The invention relates to Quench box assembly comprising quench pipe and quench box, to mix quench gas and vapor-liquid effluent from previous catalyst bed to achieve equilibrium temperature before entering the next bed. The quench pipe is in the form of ring having aperture while quench box consists of swirling section and a mixing chamber. The swirling section consists of inclined baffles to provide swirling action to incoming stream and the turbulence created by the swirling action increases the heat transfer rate thus requiring the smaller reactor volume to attain equilibrium temperature. The perforated plate being open from all the sides allowing the liquid to flow uniformly from all directions thus providing uniform distribution on the distributor tray. Hence, eliminates the requirement of rough liquid distributor before the distribution tray.

There is proposed a dispensing apparatus attachable to a container that includes a retractable spout. The dispensing apparatus can dispense a predetermined volume of liquid or aerate a liquid being dispensed, wherein the retractable spout includes a volumetric dispensing assembly for dispense the predetermined volume of liquid, and/or a turbulence forming element that is configured to aerate the liquid.