A microfluidic apparatus includes a substrate defining a microchannel having inlet and an outlet defining a length of the microchannel. The microchannel has a main channel extending from the inlet to the outlet, and a plurality of side cavities extending from the main channel. The cavities are in fluid communication with the main channel. A method includes introducing a sample into the microchannel through the inlet to fill the entire microchannel, and then introducing a solvent into the microchannel through the inlet at a controlled flow rate and inlet pressure. A developed solvent front then moves along the main channel from the inlet to the outlet while displacing the sample in the main channel. Images of the microchannel are acquired as the front moves, and a miscibility condition is determined based on the images.

An enzymatic processing plant for continuous flow-based enzymatic processing of organic molecules, comprises an enzymatic processing area, wherein the enzymatic processing area comprises a turbulence-generating pipe with a repeatedly changing centre-line and/or a repeatedly changing cross-section, for generating turbulence to mix a reaction mixture and prevent sedimentation of particles as the reaction mixture is flowing through the turbulence-generating pipe, and wherein the enzymatic processing plant and the enzymatic processing area are arranged such that the reaction mixture is subjected to turbulence within the enzymatic processing area for a reaction time of 15 minutes or more.

A microfluidic mixing device (101) comprising: a mixing chamber; one inlet channel (104) into the mixing chamber (102) for a first fluid and two inlet channels (103a, 103b) into the mixing chamber for a second fluid, said inlet channels being disposed substantially symmetrically at a proximal end (108) of the mixing chamber; at least one outlet (105) for mixed material at a distal end of the mixing chamber, wherein the mixing chamber comprises one or more baffles.

An enzymatic processing plant for continuous flow-based enzymatic processing of organic molecules. The enzymatic processing plant including an enzymatic processing area, wherein the enzymatic processing area includes a turbulence-generating pipe with a repeatedly changing centre-line and/or a repeatedly changing cross-section, for generating turbulence to mix a reaction mixture and prevent sedimentation of particles as the reaction mixture is flowing through the turbulence-generating pipe. The enzymatic processing plant and the enzymatic processing area are arranged such that the reaction mixture is subjected to turbulence within the enzymatic processing area for a reaction time of 15 minutes or more.

An apparatus or method for generating a microfoam, the apparatus comprising a channel having an inlet and an outlet, a source of foamable liquid and pressurised gas arranged to feed into the inlet, wherein the channel is comprised of a spatially oscillating flow channel to provide an oscillating flow direction, the spatially oscillating flow channel oscillating about a bulk flow direction, the spatially oscillating flow channel providing a sequence of planar cross-sections perpendicular to the flow direction, with a sub-sequence of planar cross-sections that are perpendicular to the bulk flow direction in the plane in question, the sub-sequence comprising at least one plane that does not overlap with at least one other plane in the sub-sequence.

Systems, devices, and methods are provided that are useful in generating a fluid suspension of nanoplasmoid bubbles. Such systems utilize a nanobubble/nanoplasmoid generator in conjunction with mechanisms for applying energy to the fluid in the form of electrolytic events, pressure waves, electrical fields, and/or magnetic fields. The nanobubble/nanoplasmoid generator is of modular construction that is readily adaptable to a wide variety of applications. Various applications of nanoplasmoid bubble suspensions so produced are described.

An atomizer mixing chamber for a seed treater has a body having first and second inlets for receiving first and second treatment fluids. The atomizer mixing chamber has a first stage cup for receiving and combining the first and second treatment fluids to provide a combined fluid, the first stage cup comprising a first set of holes through which the combined fluid flows. The atomizer also has a second stage cup below the first stage cup for receiving the combined fluid from the first stage cup, wherein the second stage cup further mixes the combined fluid to provide a mixed fluid and wherein the second stage cup comprises a second set of holes through which the mixed fluid flows. The atomizer mixing chamber may include a third stage cup below the second stage cup for receiving the mixed fluid and having a third set of holes through which the mixed fluid exits from the atomizer.

A microfluidic apparatus includes a substrate defining a microchannel having inlet and an outlet defining a length of the microchannel. The microchannel has a main channel extending from the inlet to the outlet, and a plurality of side cavities extending from the main channel. The cavities are in fluid communication with the main channel. A method includes introducing a sample into the microchannel through the inlet to fill the entire microchannel, and then introducing a solvent into the microchannel through the inlet at a controlled flow rate and inlet pressure. A developed solvent front then moves along the main channel from the inlet to the outlet while displacing the sample in the main channel. Images of the microchannel are acquired as the front moves, and a miscibility condition is determined based on the images.

An apparatus or method for generating a microfoam, the apparatus comprising a channel having an inlet and an outlet, a source of foamable liquid and pressurised gas arranged to feed into the inlet, wherein the channel is comprised of a spatially oscillating flow channel to provide an oscillating flow direction, the spatially oscillating flow channel oscillating about a bulk flow direction, the spatially oscillating flow channel providing a sequence of planar cross-sections perpendicular to the flow direction, with a sub-sequence of planar cross-sections that are perpendicular to the bulk flow direction in the plane in question, the sub-sequence comprising at least one plane that does not overlap with at least one other plane in the sub-sequence.

A system, device, and method for receiving, preparing and identifying a biological sample. Some parts may be user held and actuated. The sample may be detected by an array of sensors. The system may comprise reusable and disposable components arranged to be connected together. The biological sample may contain nucleic acids, proteins, or other molecules to be detected.