Membrane Emulsification Apparatus with Refiner There is described a membrane emulsification apparatus for dispersing a first phase in a second phase, comprising: •a membrane defining a plurality of apertures connecting a first volume on a first side of the membrane to a second volume on a second, different, side of the membrane, the apparatus being arranged to receive a first phase containing a liquid in the first volume and to receive a second phase in the second volume the apparatus being adapted to generate an emulsion through egression of the first phase into the second phase via the plurality of apertures; •the apparatus also comprising a refiner (1) arranged to receive the emulsion from the membrane; and wherein said refiner comprises an inlet (4/5) and an outlet (5/4) wherein an opening (8) adapted to converge flow of the emulsion and to break up droplets of the emulsion into a refined emulsion is located between the inlet and the outlet.

A system includes a plurality of static mixers. Each static mixer has an internal cylinder defining a central orifice for passage of the multi-phase fluid. The internal cylinder has an inlet side and an outlet side. The inlet side of the internal cylinder has a plurality of inlet channels, and the outlet side of the internal cylinder has a plurality of outlet channels. The multi-phase fluid enters the inlet side to be mixed in the central orifice and is expelled through the outlet side. The plurality of static mixers are fixedly disposed along the pipeline at a predetermined number of locations, spaced a predetermined distance apart, to mix the multi-phase fluid and prevent formation of the adverse flow regimes.

A homogenizer for liquid food includes a homogenization device having a gap formed between a seat and a forcer. A pump is configured to provide a pressure for forcing the liquid food through the gap and thereby homogenize the liquid food. The homogenizer includes an accumulator, wherein the pump is connected to the accumulator to accumulate a pressure in the accumulator. A cylinder arrangement is connected to the accumulator and to the homogenization device. The cylinder arrangement includes a piston that is configured to push a volume of the liquid food through the gap. A valve is arranged to release pressure accumulated in the accumulator, such that the released pressure actuates the piston to push the volume of the liquid food through the gap.

A disperser includes an outer member and an inner member located radially inside the outer member. A flow path is formed between the outer member and the inner member, through which fluid flows from one side to the other side in the axial direction. The flow path includes a first region that extends spirally from the one side to the other side and a second region that extends continuously from the first region to the other side. The second region is defined by the tapered inner circumferential surface of the outer member and the tapered outer circumferential surface of the inner member. The tapered inner circumferential surface and the tapered outer circumferential surface are formed such that the angle of one with respect to the other in the axial cross section changes in the middle of the second region, and the second region of the flow path has portions each having a different clearance distance.

A valve including a valve body having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, the valve body comprising a first valve element and a second valve element arranged in a housing. A gap is formed between the valve elements, the first valve element being conformed as a sleeve with an inner surface that tapers at least in sections towards the fluid outlet, the second valve element being conformed as a cone mounted in the sleeve, with the same inclination as the inner surface of the sleeve so as to form the gap. Additionally, an annular space open to the fluid outlet is formed between the sleeve and the inner surface of the housing. The sleeve has through holes towards the annular space and the cone has through openings towards the fluid inlet, the sleeve and the cone being axially adjustable relative to one another.

Systems and methods for delivering explosive mixtures with gas bubbles that are resistant to in-borehole migration or coalescence are disclosed herein. Such explosive can be sensitized by mechanically introducing gas bubbles into the explosive matrix in a number of gassing stages. Resistance to gas bubble migration and coalescence without the need for bubble stabilization agents can be achieved by homogenization in a number of homogenizing stages.

A multi-gap valve including: a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; a cone having an inner channel developing along an axial direction and having through openings emerging in the inner channel, the inner channel being in fluid communication with the fluid inlet; a sleeve arranged coaxially and external to the cone; a plurality of gaps formed between the cone and the sleeve, the sleeve and said cone being axially adjustable relative to one another so as to vary the dimension of the gaps; an annular chamber obtained between the sleeve and an inner surface of the housing and being in fluid communication with the fluid outlet;
wherein the fluid inlet is axially aligned with the channel and the fluid outlet is misaligned with respect to the axial direction of said channel.

The invention relates to a coaxial flow device 1 capable of creating comparable microenvironments at various operation scales through the continuous introduction and mixing of nanoparticle precursor solutions for the manufacturing of a dispersion comprising nanoparticles. According to the invention, the device includes first and second coaxial tubes 3, 5 for controlled flows of nanoparticle precursor solutions and a mixing portion 7, wherein a disrupting physical element 21 is arranged to cause formation of the microenvironments. Application to the production of mRNA vaccines.