In one example, a liquid mixture nozzle for flowing a liquid mixture therethrough includes a body having a flow inlet and a flow outlet. The flow inlet is configured to couple to a first piece of piping and the flow outlet is configured to couple to a second piece of piping. The liquid mixture nozzle also includes a converging section having a decreasing diameter positioned adjacent the flow inlet, an orifice positioned at a narrow end of the converging section, an intermediate section having a constant diameter positioned adjacent the orifice, a diverging section having an increasing diameter positioned adjacent the intermediate section and the flow outlet.

A system for mixing hydrogen gas and air includes a housing extending from a first end to a second end and defining a mixing chamber. The second end receives the air. A tubular mixer in the mixing chamber extends along a central axis from a first end to a second end. The mixer has an outer surface and an inner surface defining a central passage. The second end is closed by an end wall. The mixer has first fluid directing structure for directing the air and the hydrogen gas radially inward from the mixing chamber to the central passage to form a mixture. A distributor is secured to the first end of the housing and receives the mixture from the first end of the mixer. The distributor includes second fluid directing structure for directing the mixture radially outward to a burner.

A system for mixing hydrogen gas and air includes a housing extending from a first end to a second end and defining a mixing chamber. The second end receives the air. A tubular mixer in the mixing chamber extends along a central axis from a first end to a second end. The mixer has an outer surface and an inner surface defining a central passage. The second end is closed by an end wall. The mixer has first fluid directing structure for directing the air and the hydrogen gas radially inward from the mixing chamber to the central passage to form a mixture. A distributor is secured to the first end of the housing and receives the mixture from the first end of the mixer. The distributor includes second fluid directing structure for directing the mixture radially outward to a burner.

An apparatus for processing a substrate includes a mixing nozzle having a mixing space that is shaped as an inverted cone, the mixing nozzle including a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet installed at the mixing space; a first chemical supply unit connected to the first inlet; a second chemical supply unit connected to the second inlet; and a supply tank connected to the outlet, wherein the first chemical supply unit is configured to supply a first chemical solution to the mixing space through the first inlet, the second chemical supply unit is configured to supply a second chemical solution to the mixing space through the second inlet, and the supply tank is supplied with, through the outlet, a solution mixture that is formed of the first chemical solution and the second chemical solution after being mixed in the mixing space.

An apparatus for processing a substrate includes a mixing nozzle having a mixing space that is shaped as an inverted cone, the mixing nozzle including a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet installed at the mixing space; a first chemical supply unit connected to the first inlet; a second chemical supply unit connected to the second inlet; and a supply tank connected to the outlet, wherein the first chemical supply unit is configured to supply a first chemical solution to the mixing space through the first inlet, the second chemical supply unit is configured to supply a second chemical solution to the mixing space through the second inlet, and the supply tank is supplied with, through the outlet, a solution mixture that is formed of the first chemical solution and the second chemical solution after being mixed in the mixing space.

An apparatus for dispersing particles in a fluid, comprising: a flow divider for receiving the fluid and for separating the fluid into a first fluid stream and a second fluid stream; first and second fluid branches for receiving the fluid streams; a branch joining section for receiving the fluid streams, the branch joining section having a collision zone for allowing the first and second fluid streams to collide; a first nozzle that is arranged in the first fluid branch; and a second nozzle is arranged in the second fluid branch, the first nozzle comprising an orifice that is followed by a fluid diverging section.

A method for producing a single-phase phase-stable liquid is provided, in which, in an embodiment: in a first step, a lipophilic liquid is mixed with a hydrophilic liquid, so that a mixture of the liquids is obtained; in a second step, the static pressure of the mixture is brought below the vapor pressure of at least one of the liquids, so that cavitation bubbles occur, for example, as a result of what is known as hard cavitation; and in a third step, the cavitation bubbles are caused to implode, a single-phase phase-stable liquid being obtained.

A method for the continuous production of an improved diesel fuel, having enhanced ignition characteristics, more particularly with a greater electric conductivity, enhanced cetane numbers and lubricity and with greater percentage of complete combustion, resulting in less soot production and NOx reduction at the same time in an internal combustion diesel engine, breaking the tradeoff in the emission of those two pollutants from an internal combustion diesel engine.

A method for the continuous production of an improved diesel fuel, having enhanced ignition characteristics, more particularly with a greater electric conductivity, enhanced cetane numbers and lubricity and with greater percentage of complete combustion, resulting in less soot production and NOx reduction at the same time in an internal combustion diesel engine, breaking the tradeoff in the emission of those two pollutants from an internal combustion diesel engine.

In one example, a liquid mixture nozzle for flowing a liquid mixture therethrough includes a body having a flow inlet and a flow outlet. The flow inlet is configured to couple to a first piece of piping and the flow outlet is configured to couple to a second piece of piping. The liquid mixture nozzle also includes a converging section having a decreasing diameter positioned adjacent the flow inlet, an orifice positioned at a narrow end of the converging section, an intermediate section having a constant diameter positioned adjacent the orifice, a diverging section having an increasing diameter positioned adjacent the intermediate section and the flow outlet.