System, apparatuses, and methods for processing feedstock have a decomposing stage for breaking down feedstock into liquid and gaseous products and a condensing stage for condensing gaseous products to a liquid condensate. A mixing stage can also be used to combine gaseous and liquid feedstock portions into a combined liquid feedstock to be fed to the decomposing stage. The decomposing stage can be one or more flux tanks having a field generator for creating an electromagnetic field through the flux tank configured to decompose feedstock inside. The condensing stage can have a catalyst tank, distillation tank, condensing pipes, or a combination thereof. The mixing stage can be a reformer device having pairs of plates, at least some of the plates are capable of rotating to generate a shear force that creates a cavitation effect to combine the gaseous and liquid feedstock portions.

In the case of a rotor (109) for a device for mixing powder and liquid, which device has a stator which interacts with the rotor (109), at least some shear blades (124) are of wedge-shaped form and are inclined with one face side (233) in a flow direction (239). This has the result, in the case of an effective diversion at side walls (227) situated at the front in a flow direction (239), of an intense shear action at the face sides (233) and of a relatively low risk of formation of deposits and adherent accumulations on the side walls (230) situated at the rear in the flow direction (239).

The invention relates to a generator and its operation and use for generating toroidal and spatial vortices in a liquid. It comprises a rotationally symmetrical stator housing with an inlet opening and an eccentric outlet opening. It further comprises a rotor rotatably arranged in the stator housing with radially outwardly extending channels in constant fluid connection to the inlet opening. The rotor comprises a rotor disc, radially outside of the rotor with a side surface with inner notches in fluid connection to the rotor channels. The stator housing comprises a stator disc comprising a side surface with stator notches. When these notches face each other due to rotation of the rotor disc, a periodical liquid flow from the inner notches to the stator notches is formed and toroidal vortices are generated in the portioned liquid by shear stress as the portions of liquid move back and forth in the notches.

A method of evaporating a fluid is provided. The method comprises forming a flow with toroidal vortices in the fluid, such that the fluid is exposed to alternating flow velocities and alternating pressures, thereby increasing evaporation of the fluid. A method of precipitating salt out of an aqueous solution is also provided. The method comprises forming a flow with toroidal vortices in the aqueous solution, such that the aqueous solution is exposed to alternating flow velocities and alternating pressures, thereby initiating precipitation of salts from the solution.

An apparatus for mixing and pumping, the apparatus comprising a housing with an inlet and an outlet for receiving and expelling liquid and a material. The apparatus has a shear rotor and a stator for mixing the liquid and material and an impeller for pumping the liquid and material from the inlet, via an annular clearance between the shear rotor and the stator and to the outlet. The apparatus has a return conduit configured to return to the inlet a part of the liquid and material pumped via the annular clearance and openings in the stator.

A dispersing device is provided by which a dispersion with a high yield and a proper dispersing process can be carried out. The dispersing device causes a mixture of a slurry or a liquid to flow by centrifugal force toward an outer circumference between a rotor and a stator. It comprises a container, a cover assembly that closes an upper opening of the container, a stator that is fixed under the cover assembly, a rotor that is disposed to face a lower surface of the stator, and an assembly for supplying the mixture that stores an unprocessed mixture to be supplied to a gap between the rotor and the stator. The assembly for supplying the mixture has a body, a first member for injecting the mixture, and a second member for injecting the mixture.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a method for producing microparticles. Composite microparticles are separated by mixing at least two kinds of fluids to be processed in a thin film fluid that is formed between approachable and separable opposing processing surfaces that relatively rotate, wherein the fluids to be processed are a metal fluid comprising at least two kinds of metal elements that are dissolved in a solvent in the form of metal and/or metal compound and a fluid for separation containing at least one kind of separating substance for separating a composite substance comprising the at least two kinds of metal elements. The molar ratio between the at least two kinds of metal elements contained in the resulting microparticles is controlled by controlling the circumferential speed of the rotation at a confluence where the metal fluid and the fluid for separation merge at this time.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a method for producing metal microparticles in which the particle diameter and the coefficient of variation are controlled. Using at least two kinds of fluid to be processed including a fluid which contains at least one kind of reducing agent, the fluid to be processed is mixed in a thin film fluid formed between at least two processing surfaces, at least one of which rotates relative to the other, and which are disposed facing each other and capable of approaching and separating from each other, and metalmicroparticles are separated. At this time, the fluid to be processed containing one or both of the fluid which contains at least one kind of metal and/or metal compound and the fluid which contains at least one kind of reducing agent contains a water-containing polyol in which water and a polyol are mixed, and does not contain a monovalent alcohol, and the particle diameter and coefficient of variance of the separated metal microparticles is controlled by controlling the ratio of water contained in the water-containing polyol.

This fine particle production method involves a dissolving step in which a stirrer having a rotating stirring blade is used to dissolve at least one type of fine particle raw material in a solvent to obtain a fine particle raw material solution, and a precipitation step in which the fine particle raw material solution and at least one type of precipitation solvent for precipitating the fine particle raw material from the fine particle raw material solution are introduced between at least two treatment surfaces which are arranged oppositely one another, can move closer to and farther apart from one another, and at least one of which can rotate relative to the other, and the fine particle raw material solution and the at least one type of precipitation solvent are mixed in a thin film fluid formed between the at least two treatment surfaces, and the fine particles are precipitated. The stirring energy is determined by the stirring time conditions of the stirrer, the circumferential velocity conditions of the stirring blade, and the temperature conditions of the fine particle raw material solution, and in the dissolving step, the stirring energy is varied by changing at least one of the aforementioned conditions, and by changing the stirring energy, the degree of crystallization and the crystal form of the fine particles obtained in the precipitation step are controlled.

The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a mixing system that includes a heating assembly configured to heat liquid, and a mixing assembly including a tank defining a cavity and configured to retain liquid, an inlet in fluidic communication with the cavity and configured to receive liquid from the heating assembly, a mixing impeller assembly configured to mix contents of the cavity, an actuator configured to actuate the mixing impeller assembly to mix contents of the cavity, and an outlet in fluidic communication with the cavity and having a valve configured to selectively prevent and permit egress of contents of the cavity.