Provided is a chemical injection system for connection to a chemical tank and a process line. The system includes a pump box configured to attach to the tank, the pump box including a body defining an interior, a pump assembly disposed within the interior of the body of the pump box, and an injection assembly configured to be fluidly coupled to the pump box. The injection assembly includes an injection lance having a flange and a stem, a first seal abutting a first side of the flange of the injection lance, and a second seal abutting a second side of the flange of the injection lance.

A gas solution manufacturing device 1 includes a gas supply line 2 configured to supply a gas as a raw material of a gas solution, a liquid supply line 3 configured to supply a liquid as a raw material of the gas solution, a gas solution production unit 4 configured to mix the gas and the liquid together to produce the gas solution, a gas-liquid separation unit 5 configured to perform gas-liquid separation of the produced gas solution into a supplied liquid to be supplied to a use point and a discharged gas to be discharged through an exhaust port, and a gas dissolving unit 6 provided in the liquid supply line 4 and configured to dissolve the discharged gas resulting from the gas-liquid separation in the liquid. The gas dissolving unit 6 is configured with a hollow fiber membrane configured with a gas permeable membrane.

A carbonator (100) for producing carbonated beverage comprising: - a first connector (11) for a gas-outlet (105) of a C02-container (104) and with a C02-valve (12), operable between a closed state and an open state in which C02-gas may be introduced from a gas-outlet (105) of a C02-container (104) into the C02-valve, and; - a second connector (32) for a mouth (108) of a beverage container (107) and with a dissolver nozzle (31) for introducing C02-gas into the beverage container (107), connected to the C02-valve (12) and; - a venting valve (40) connected to the second connector (32) and operable between a closed state and an open state in which excess C02-gas may be led out from the beverage container (107) through the venting valve (40) and; - an operating mechanism (80) configured to operate the C02-valve (12) and the venting valve (40) between open and closed states, and - a manipulator (103), coupled to the operating mechanism (80), for allowing a person to operate the operating mechanism (80 between: - a start mode (I) in which the venting valve (40) is open and the (102-valve (12) is closed, and; - an end mode (III) in which the C02-valve (12) is open and the venting valve (40) is closed, whereby; - the operating mechanism (80) is configured to be set in an intermediate mode (II), between the first mode (I) and the second mode (III), in which both the venting valve (40) and the C02-valve (12) are closed.

Provided is a chemical injection system for connection to a chemical tank and a process line. The system includes a pump box configured to attach to the tank, the pump box including a body defining an interior, a pump assembly disposed within the interior of the body of the pump box, and an injection assembly configured to be fluidly coupled to the pump box. The injection assembly includes an injection lance having a flange and a stem, a first seal abutting a first side of the flange of the injection lance, and a second seal abutting a second side of the flange of the injection lance.

A domestic carbonation appliance. The appliance has a replaceable CO2 cylinder, and accepts a refillable bottle. The appliance has a processor for controlling the functions of the device. The appliance comprises: a chassis having a filling chamber; a fill head in the filling chamber, the fill head being attachable to a source of pressurised carbon dioxide gas; the filling chamber having a safety door and locking device; the device having a sensor for detecting a door state and transmitting door state information to the processor; and the processor being adapted to initiate a carbonation process in response to the door state information.

Some variations provide a system for producing a functionalized powder, comprising: an agitated pressure vessel; first particles and second particles contained within the agitated pressure vessel; a fluid contained within the agitated pressure vessel; an exhaust line for releasing the fluid from the agitated pressure vessel; and a means for recovering a functionalized powder containing the second particles disposed onto surfaces of the first particles. A preferred fluid is carbon dioxide in liquefied or supercritical form. The carbon dioxide may be initially loaded into the pressure vessel as solid carbon dioxide. The pressure vessel may be batch or continuous and is operated under reaction conditions to functionalize the first particles with the second particles, thereby producing a functionalized powder, such as nanofunctionalized metal particles in which nanoparticles act as grain refiners for a component ultimately produced from the nanofunctionalized metal particles. Methods for making the functionalized powder are also disclosed.

Provided is a chemical injection system for connection to a chemical tank and a process line. The system includes a pump box configured to attach to the tank, the pump box including a body defining an interior, a pump assembly disposed within the interior of the body of the pump box, and an injection assembly configured to be fluidly coupled to the pump box. The injection assembly includes an injection lance having a flange and a stem, a first seal abutting a first side of the flange of the injection lance, and a second seal abutting a second side of the flange of the injection lance.

A gas solution manufacturing device 1 includes a gas supply line 2 configured to supply a gas as a raw material of a gas solution, a liquid supply line 3 configured to supply a liquid as a raw material of the gas solution, a gas solution production unit 4 configured to mix the gas and the liquid together to produce the gas solution, a gas-liquid separation unit 5 configured to perform gas-liquid separation of the produced gas solution into a supplied liquid to be supplied to a use point and a discharged gas to be discharged through an exhaust port, and a gas dissolving unit 6 provided in the liquid supply line 4 and configured to dissolve the discharged gas resulting from the gas-liquid separation in the liquid. The gas dissolving unit 6 is configured with a hollow fiber membrane configured with a gas permeable membrane.

A bottle, in particular a reusable and refillable bottle for CO.sub.2-containing drinks, which can be carbonated and stored in the bottle. A bottle with better usage properties is to be achieved. The bottle includes a closable liquid container with an adapter which is attached or flanged to the base of the liquid container and which contains a CO.sub.2 tank.

A system is for infusing liquid with a gas to form a gas-infused beverage. The system has a tank with first and second cavities. A refrigeration circuit refrigerates the tank and the contents of the first and second cavities. The liquid is supplied to the first cavity and cooled therein by the refrigeration circuit and then supplied to the second cavity and infused with gas therein to thereby form the gas-infused beverage. The gas-infused beverage is then supplied to a beverage outlet for dispensing to a user.