A cavitator to be used in a gas generator. The cavitator is provided with a cavitator inlet and a cavitator outlet having one or several cavitator channels having a cavitator channel inlet and a cavitator channel outlet. The cavitator channel or channels are further provided with cavitation inducing means, e.g. flow guiding or restricting means, wave shaped channel walls, protrusions and widenings, surface irregularities such as cavitation generating indentations or a combination thereof, for inducing a differentiated pressure within a liquid flowing through the cavitators. The cavitator further having an outer cavitator stator and an inner cavitator rotor arranged to rotate by a liquid flow through the cavitator. The rotation of the inner cavitator rotor will induce a differentiated pressure within the liquid in the cavitator promoting cavitation in the liquid flowing through the cavitator channels. A gas generator including such a cavitator as described herein is also disclosed.

This invention describes a novel method of obtaining life-sustaining quantities of oxygen by the reduction of carbon dioxide. It involves using submerged plasma arcs generated by high voltage capacitors to reduce carbon dioxide in water resulting in the production of oxygen and carbon. It promises to be a novel method for the production of large volumes of free oxygen capable of sustaining oxygen breathing life in extra terrestrial environments. Hence the use of the word “production” rather than “process” in the title.

A polymerization reactor for production of a super absorbent polymer according to the present disclosure includes: a composition supply part for supplying a monomer composition solution; a central pipe connected to the composition supply part; a composition distribution part including a water storage tank located at a discharge port of the central pipe; a distribution pipe connected to the water storage tank; and an ultrasonic device installed inside the water storage tank, a conveyor belt located under the composition distribution part and on which the composition solution is dropped, and an energy supply part for supplying polymerization energy to the composition solution on the conveyor belt, wherein the ultrasonic device supplies bubbles to the composition solution flowing into the water storage tank.

A method of electrolyzed impingement cavitation includes disposing a conductive rod at least partially within a lumen of a reactor pipe comprising a plurality of beveled perforations, disposing the conductive rod and the reactor pipe at least partially within a lumen of a reactor casing, electrically connecting a positive terminal of a direct current voltage source to the conductive rod, electrically connecting a negative terminal of the direct current voltage source to the reactor pipe, the reactor casing, or both, and applying a direct current to the conductive rod while fluidly communicating fluids into the lumen of the reactor pipe. The fluids are directed out of the plurality of beveled perforations forming enhanced cavitation bubbles that impinge an inner surface of the reactor casing while in at least part of an electrolysis reaction. Fluids are discharged from an annulus between the reactor pipe and the reactor casing.

An ultrasonification system is provided. The ultrasonification system includes a duct having a proximal end and a distal end, and a vibrating head disposed within the duct near the proximal end thereof. A fluid enters the duct from the proximal end and flows toward the distal end. Related apparatus, systems, techniques, and articles are also described.

A cavitation reactor that may be obtained from a centrifugal pump is described. The reactor comprises a stator and a rotor having at least one centrifugal stage accommodated in a chamber of the stator. Two walls of the centrifugal stage define a gap therebetween, which is divided into compartments in fluid communication with the chamber of the stator at the peripheral portion of the centrifugal stage. The wall of the centrifugal stage that is next to the inlet opening of the chamber of the stator is closed at the central portion of the centrifugal stage, to thereby prevent the flow of fluid from the inlet opening to the peripheral portion of the centrifugal stage through the gap.

The present invention discloses processes for obtaining a color from an algal biomass. The process includes subjecting an algal biomass to cavitation, thus at least partially disrupting cells of the algal biomass and extracting color from the disrupted, algal biomass.

Systems and methods for the treatment of plants, including decarboxylation, photo-oxidation, oxidation and/or combinations thereof, of cannabis and hemp plants and oils for biosynthesizing THCA, CBDA, and CBCA from CBGA are disclosed. A cannabinoid compound solution is fed into a cavitation zone of a controlled cavitation apparatus where the cannabinoid compound solution is subjected to cavitation and interaction with UV light for conversion of the cannabinoid compound solution to form a synthesized cannabinoid THC, CBD, CBC, CBG, CBNA, CBEA, CBLA product, or combinations thereof.

A cavitation device and method for using the same is useful for cavitationally treating fluids by generation of hydrodynamic cavitation in the fluid followed by the subsequent collapse of cavitation bubbles. The passage of fluid through slot openings in a cylindrical insert mounted in a housing provides fluid jets in an annular cavity to induce hydrodynamic cavitation of the fluid. Fluid is discharged from the annular cavity into a downstream portion of the housing to collapse cavitation bubbles under static pressure.

The present invention discloses a metal-catalyzed process for hydration of nitrile under the influence of the ultrasonic cavitation effect. The present invention further discloses a catalyst of formula (I), wherein the catalyst is used for process for hydration of nitrile and process for preparation thereof.

A.sub.XB.sub.YC.sub.Z   Formula (I)