A novel process can be used for a heterogeneously catalysed oxidation reaction, in the presence of a pulverulent noble metal-containing catalyst, where (meth)acrolein, an alkyl alcohol, in particular methanol, and an oxygen-containing gas are converted to an alkyl (meth)acrylate, in particular methyl (meth)acrylate. A corresponding reactor suitable for performing the reaction is also useful. The process allows for an effective retention of the particulate catalyst and the continuous discharge of fines fractions of the catalyst powder which are present, particularly in a fresh catalyst batch as a consequence of its preparation. Such fines fractions may also be produced by abrasion during the reaction. The process allows for effective recycling, recovery, and utilization of these discharged catalyst fractions.

A process produces methyl methacrylate by direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein. Methyl methacrylate is used in large amounts for producing polymers and copolymers with other polymerizable compounds. An optimized workup of the reactor discharge from the oxidative esterification of methacrolein allows for co-discharged fine catalyst particles to be very efficiently separated and optionally removed or recycled. In addition, this process can reduce the formation of byproducts in extended continuous operation compared to known variant. A reactor system contains stirrer configurations which allow virtually abrasion-free operation and thus a catalyst on-stream time of several years.

A method for preparing cyclododecene and a synthesis device therefor, of the present invention, remarkably increase the conversion ratio of cyclododecatriene and selectivity of cyclododecene, can minimize the costs required for equipment and processing, are practical, reduce processing time, and are industrially advantageous to mass production in comparison with a conventional method and device.

A process produces methyl methacrylate by direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein. Methyl methacrylate is used in large amounts for producing polymers and copolymers with other polymerizable compounds. An optimized workup of the reactor discharge from the oxidative esterification of methacrolein allows for co-discharged fine catalyst particles to be very efficiently separated and optionally removed or recycled. In addition, this process can reduce the formation of byproducts in extended continuous operation compared to known variant. A reactor system contains stirrer configurations which allow virtually abrasion-free operation and thus a catalyst on-stream time of several years.

A process includes periodically or continuously introducing an olefin monomer and periodically or continuously introducing a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system, oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture to form an oligomer product, and periodically or continuously discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system. The reaction system includes a total reaction mixture volume and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium. A ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to the total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system is in a range from 0.75 in.sup.−1 to 5 in.sup.−1, and an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1) to 6.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1).

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a diester-based compound, and, more particularly, to a method of manufacturing a diester-based compound, which is performed using a continuous process including a reaction part in which a total of n reaction units spanning from a first reaction unit to an nth reaction unit are connected in series, wherein each of the reaction units includes a reactor, and the method includes: supplying a feed stream including a dicarboxylic acid and an alcohol into the first reactor; esterifying the feed stream to prepare a reaction product; and supplying a lower discharge stream including the reaction product into the reactor of the rear reaction unit. In this case, a conversion rate of the esterification reaction in the first reactor is controlled in a range of 50 to 80%.

An apparatus is described which includes at least one reactor, at least one linear piston pump, the or each piston pump including a tube, a piston and an arm coupled to the piston, the or each piston pump arranged to inject feedstock to a respective reactor, a beam or plate coupled to the arm(s) of the piston pump(s) configured to linearly drive the piston(s) and a linear actuator for driving the beam or plate. The piston pump has a volume of at least 50 milliliters and an output port having a diameter of at least 5 mm.

The present disclosures and inventions relate reactor and method useful in Fischer-Tropsch processes, such as a reactor comprising a first one or more catalyst holding zones, wherein each of the first one or more catalyst holding zones have a first inner surface, wherein the first inner surface defines a first interior space, wherein each of the first one or more catalyst holding zones have a first longitudinal axis, wherein each of the first one or more catalyst holding zones have a first end and a second end, wherein the first inner surface is tapered towards the first longitudinal axis from the first end towards the second end, and wherein each of the first one or more catalyst holding zones are configured to perform an exothermic reaction.

The present application is directed to gas generators comprising a fuel mixture and a catalyst. The catalyst is contained in a self-regulated reactor or buoy, and selectively opens and closes to produce a gas in accordance with the demand for gas. This fuel mixture is generally a solution formed by dissolving a solid fuel component in a liquid fuel component. The mixing preferably occurs before the first use, and more preferably occurs immediately prior to the first use. The inventive gas generators preferably further comprises a starting mechanism that isolates the solid fuel from the liquid fuel or vice versa before the first use. In one embodiment, the starting mechanism further comprises a catalyst shield mechanism that isolates the catalyst in the reactor or buoy from the liquid and/or the solid fuel prior to the first use.

A process for washing a particulate substance comprising: (i) combining a particulate substance and a first washing medium in a first vessel to form a slurry and washing the particulate substance with said washing medium; (ii) transferring the slurry to a hydrocyclone; (iii) removing a first by-product stream depleted in particulate substance and a first product stream enriched in particulate substance from the hydrocyclone; (iv) transferring the first product stream to a second vessel and in the presence of a second washing medium forming a slurry and washing the particulate substance with said second washing medium e.g. by agitation thereof; (v) transferring the slurry to a hydrocyclone; (vi) removing a second by-product stream depleted in particulate substance and a second product stream enriched in particulate substance from the hydrocyclone.