A process includes periodically or continuously introducing an olefin monomer and periodically or continuously introducing a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system, oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture to form an oligomer product, and periodically or continuously discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system. The reaction system includes a total reaction mixture volume and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium. A ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to the total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system is in a range from 0.75 in.sup.−1 to 5 in.sup.−1, and an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1) to 6.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1).

Provided is a method of preparing a diester-based material, more particularly, a method of preparing a diester-based material, which is carried out by a continuous preparation process of a diester-based material including a reaction part in which a total of n reaction units from a first reaction unit to an nth reaction unit are connected in series, the reaction unit including a reactor which esterifies dicarboxylic acid and alcohol, including: esterifying dicarboxylic acid and alcohol in a reactor of the first reaction unit to produce a reaction product, and supplying a lower discharge stream including the reaction product to a reaction unit at a rear end through a lower discharge line; and supplying a liquid material through a liquid supply line connected to a lower discharge line of the reactor of the first reaction unit.

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a diester-based compound, and, more particularly, to a method of manufacturing a diester-based compound, which is performed using a continuous process including a reaction part in which a total of n reaction units spanning from a first reaction unit to an nth reaction unit are connected in series, wherein each of the reaction units includes a reactor, and the method includes: supplying a feed stream including a dicarboxylic acid and an alcohol into the first reactor; esterifying the feed stream to prepare a reaction product; and supplying a lower discharge stream including the reaction product into the reactor of the rear reaction unit. In this case, a conversion rate of the esterification reaction in the first reactor is controlled in a range of 50 to 80%.

An oxidation and grafting method for grafting a bioactive polymer, such as polyNaSS, onto an article, in particular a polymer or ceramic article. The method comprises a step of oxidation by ozonation and a step of grafting by radical polymerisation in a polymerisation station having a first reactor. The two steps of oxidation and grafting are carried out consecutively in different solutions in the reactor of the polymerisation station.

An exhaust gas aftertreatment system includes a housing assembly and a reductant delivery system. The housing assembly includes an upstream housing, a first inlet tube, a second inlet tube, and a mixing housing. The first inlet tube is coupled to the upstream housing and configured to receive a first portion of exhaust gas from the upstream housing. The second inlet tube is coupled to the upstream housing and configured to receive a second portion of the exhaust gas from the upstream housing. The mixing housing is coupled to the first inlet tube and the second inlet tube. The mixing housing is configured to receive the first portion of the exhaust gas from the first inlet tube and receive the second portion of the exhaust gas from the second inlet tube. The mixing housing is separated from the upstream housing by the first inlet tube and the second inlet tube.

A method is disclosed for controlling retention time in a reactor, such as an autoclave, having a plurality of compartments separated by dividers with underflow openings. A retention time of the reaction mixture is calculated and compared with an optimal retention time, and the volumes of the reaction mixture in the compartments are adjusted while maintaining the flow rate of the reaction mixture, so as to change the retention time to a value which is closer to the optimal retention time. The reactor may include a level sensor in the last compartment for generating volume data; a control valve for controlling the liquid level in the last compartment; and a controller which receives volume data from the level sensor and controls operation of the control valve.

The present invention relates to a process for polymerising lactide into polylactic acid. The present invention also relates to reactor configuration for polymerising lactide into polylactic acid.

This invention relates to a process and an apparatus for synthesizing multiwall carbon nanotubes from high molecular polymeric wastes. The process comprises using induction heating in combination with catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CVD) with an array of catalytic materials to synthesize high value carbon nanotubes with better yield and purity from high molecular polymeric wastes.

A method and an apparatus for preparing an alpha-olefin. The method includes supplying a feed stream including a gaseous ethylene monomer to a monomer dissolution device to dissolve the feed stream in a solvent and form a liquid ethylene monomer, and supplying a feed stream including the liquid ethylene monomer as a discharge stream to a reactor, thereby removing heat of dissolution of the gaseous ethylene monomer outside of the reactor, and decreasing an amount of a refrigerant used in an alpha-olefin production process to improve economic feasibility.

A polyolefin manufacturing system and method including polymerizing olefin in a first reactor to form a polyolefin, transferring the polyolefin to a second reactor, polymerizing olefin in the second reactor, and discharging a product polyolefin from the second reactor. The system and method including operating the first reactor with a first reactor pressure relief system and the second reactor with a second reactor pressure relief system, both pressure relief systems to discharge to a flare system, and wherein a relief instrumented system (RIS) is configured to direct at least one process interlock that mitigates an excess reaction scenario as an overpressure relief scenario.