Devices and methods for controlling the properties of chemical species during time-dependent processes. A device includes a reactor for containing one or more chemical species of a time-dependent process, an extraction pump for automatically and continuously extracting an amount of the one or more chemical species from the reactor, one or more detectors for measuring property changes of the one or more extracted chemical species and generating a continuous stream of data related to the one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species during a time interval, and a process controller configured to fit the continuous stream of data to a mathematical function to predict one or more properties of the one or more chemical species at a future time point and make one or more process decisions based on the prediction of one or more properties at the future time point.

Equipment for preparing a polymer solution of a non-ionic, cationic, anionic or amphoteric polymer by reaction between a compound including at least one aldehyde function and at least one base polymer aqueous solution having at least one non-ionic monomer includes a reactor provided with a stirring system, as well as a recirculation loop including between the outlet of the reactor and the inlet of the reactor, a recirculation pump, a pH measuring probe, and a pressure differential in-line measuring device in the form of a calibrated tube configured to measure the pressure difference of the polymer solution between the inlet and the outlet of the calibrated tube, the calibrated tube being branched on the recirculation loop.

An actuator is provided that includes a housing, a linear actuating shaft disposed within the housing, a piston coupled with the shaft, and a fluid barrier disposed on an end of the shaft and encircled by the piston. The piston is movable longitudinally between an extended configuration and a retracted configuration upon rotation of the shaft. The fluid barrier engages an inner surface of the piston preventing fluid communication across the fluid barrier. The fluid barrier has a shaft engaging side which receives the shaft and a fluid facing side. A cavity is formed between the piston and the fluid facing side and expands when the piston moves to the extended configuration and contracts when the piston moves to the retracted configuration. A port is disposed in the piston and extends from the cavity to external the piston thereby permitting fluid communication between the cavity and external the piston.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, provided is a process for polymerizing molecular weight—adjustable polymer, comprising: a reactant supply step of supplying a gaseous monomer, a surfactant, and an initiator; a polymerization reaction step of performing a polymerization reaction in which the monomer, the surfactant, and the initiator participate; and a product discharging step of discharging the polymer compound produced by the polymerization reaction, wherein the flow rate of the supplied initiator is inversely proportional to the molecular weight of the polymer compound, and the molecular weight of the polymer compound produced by the polymerization reaction is adjusted by controlling the flow rate of the initiator.

A process includes periodically or continuously introducing an olefin monomer and periodically or continuously introducing a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system, oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture to form an oligomer product, and periodically or continuously discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system. The reaction system includes a total reaction mixture volume and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium. A ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to the total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system is in a range from 0.75 in.sup.−1 to 5 in.sup.−1, and an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1) to 6.0 (lb)(hr.sup.−1)(gal.sup.−1).

This invention provides producing having an objective ketone and/or alcohol by decomposing of a hydrocarbon compound rapidly and selectively having a same number of carbon atoms as a hydrocarbon compound by decomposing a hydroperoxide in a reaction solution obtained from oxidizing the hydrocarbon compound using molecular oxygen of this invention involves, a hydroperoxide decomposition step for decomposing the hydroperoxide into the ketone and/or alcohol by contacting the reaction solution with an aqueous solution containing a carbonate of an alkaline earth metal or a carbonate of an alkali metal and a transition metal compound, a separation step for separating into an oil phase comprising the ketone and/or alcohol, and a water phase comprising the carbonate of an alkaline earth metal or carbonate of an alkali metal and the transition metal compound, a recovery step for recovering the carbonate of an alkali metal or carbonate of an alkaline earth metal and the transition metal compound by combusting the water phase, and a recycling step for recycling to the hydroperoxide decomposition step by dissolving at least the carbonate of the alkali metal or the carbonate of the alkaline earth metal among the recovered substances obtained from the recovery step in water.

A reaction apparatus, comprising: a reaction kettle (1); a circulation loop, comprising a circulation pipeline (2) and a circulator pump (4) provided on the circulation pipeline (2), a discharging end of the circulator pump (4) being communicated with the top of the reaction kettle (1) by means of a circulation valve (3) and a charging end of the circulator pump (4) being communicated with the bottom of the reaction kettle (1) by means of a block valve (9); a feeding loop, comprising a feeding pipeline (7) and a bypass pipeline (5), the feeding pipeline (7) being provided between the block valve (9) and the circulator pump (4) and being communicated with the circulation pipeline (2), the bypass pipeline (5) being provided with a control valve (6), and one end of the bypass pipeline (5) being communicated with the discharging end of the circulator pump (3) and the other end thereof being communicated with the bottom of the reaction kettle (1); and a discharging loop, comprising a discharging pipeline (10) provided between the circulator pump (4) and the circulation valve (3) and communicated with the circulation pipeline (2), the discharging pipeline (10) being provided with a discharging valve (11).

The present invention relates to an oligomerization process using a reaction device comprising a dispersion means. In particular, the process relates to the oligomerization of ethylene to give linear α-olefins, such as 1-butene, 1-hexene or 1-octene, or a mixture of linear alpha-olefins.

Provided is a system and a method for preparing ultrafine silica by leaching silicate ore using hydrogen chloride gas, comprising an ore raw material feeding device, an ejector, a stirring tank and a liquid-solid separation device. A circulated material outlet of a stirred tank is connected with a liquid inlet of an ejector through a circulation pipe; a liquid outlet of the ejector is connected with a circulated material inlet of the stirred tank; a material outlet of a raw ore feeding apparatus is connected with the circulation pipe; and the circulated material outlet of the stirred tank is connected with a solid-liquid separation apparatus. Based on the system and method in the present disclosure, an industrially feasible solution for preparing silica by continuously leaching a silicate ore is provided. The dissolution efficiency of ores and the utilization of hydrochloric acid are greatly increased.

A method of manufacture of high-solids hydroxide slurries from caustic calcined carbonate powder is described, whereby the properties of the slurry are its low resistance to shear thinning to facilitate transport, a high stability for transport and storage, ease of reconstitution after long periods of storage, and, as required, a high concentration of chemically reactive species at the particle surface. The method achieves these specifications by mixing caustic calcined carbonate or hydroxide powder with water in an insulated reactor vessel, and agitating the slurry sufficiently such that the hydration reaction causes the water to spontaneously boil, such that the remaining hydration proceeds spontaneously under the fixed conditions of boiling through the water loss. The mixing process is preferably carried out by a shear pump. A viscosity modifier, such as acetic acid, is used to thin the slurry to enable the mixing system to maintain uniform mixing. The reaction is terminated when the boiling has spontaneously ceased and the temperature has spontaneously dropped to a set point though the reactor heat losses, where the processing time is sufficiently long that the slurry meets the desired specifications.