A process can be used for performing a pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in a rotary drum reactor at a temperature in the range of from 600 to 1800° C. The heat for the endothermic pyrolysis is provided by resistive heating of at least one particulate electrically conductive material introduced into said rotary drum reactor and moved through the rotary drum reactor with a flow of a hydrocarbon. The rotary drum reactor contains (A) an inner wall made of electrically insulated material, (B) a pressure-bearing outer wall, and (C) an electrical heating system attached to the inner wall and/or at least one integrated electrically conducting electrode pair. The at least one electrode pair is located at both ends of the inner wall of the rotary drum.

A process can be used for performing a pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in a rotary drum reactor at a temperature in the range of from 600 to 1800° C. The heat for the endothermic pyrolysis is provided by resistive heating of at least one particulate electrically conductive material introduced into said rotary drum reactor and moved through the rotary drum reactor with a flow of a hydrocarbon. The rotary drum reactor contains (A) an inner wall made of electrically insulated material, (B) a pressure-bearing outer wall, and (C) an electrical heating system attached to the inner wall and/or at least one integrated electrically conducting electrode pair. The at least one electrode pair is located at both ends of the inner wall of the rotary drum.

A feedstock gas, such as natural gas, is introduced into a mixing chamber. A combustible gas is introduced into a combustion chamber, for example simultaneously to the introduction of the feedstock gas. Thereafter, the combustible gas is ignited so as to cause the combustible gas to flow into the mixing chamber via one or more fluid flow paths between the combustion chamber and the mixing chamber, and to mix with the feedstock gas. The mixing of the combustible gas with the feedstock gas causes one or more products to be produced.

Methods of high throughput hydrocolloid bead production and related apparatuses are described herein. In the disclosed methods, drops of a hydrocolloid gel suspension are dropped into a reactant bath. The drops of hydrocolloid gel are exposed to the reactant bath for a predetermined period of time, during which the drops form firm or semi-firm beads. The beads are then removed from the reactant bath. The resulting hydrocolloid beads are advantageously resistant to syneresis and can provide high nutritional and water content.

The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of chemical compounds without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, the reactants necessary for the desired products are fed to compression reactors. In addition, the reaction conditions are controlled by means of an electronic control device. For this purpose, among other things, the compression reactors are combined with an electric motor, thereby influencing the residence time in the reactors. In addition, it is planned to raise the reactant pressures with the help of a compressor. In addition, the operating conditions are recorded with suitable sensors and/or analysers.

The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of hydrocarbons and ammonia without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, waste gases containing CO.sub.2 or N.sub.2 from an upstream process are fed to compression reactors. In addition, hydrogen from an electrolyzer is fed to these reactors to enable hydrogenation of the fed substances. Methane, alcohols and ammonia, for example, can be produced by this process. In order to increase the yield of the process, it is planned to raise the reactant pressure with the aid of a compressor.

Provided herein are high throughput continuous or semi-continuous reactors and processes for manufacturing expanded graphite materials. Such processes are suitable for manufacturing expanded graphite materials with little batch-to-batch variation.

Provided herein are high throughput continuous or semi-continuous reactors and processes for manufacturing expanded graphite materials. Such processes are suitable for manufacturing expanded graphite materials with little batch-to-batch variation.

A process for making an oligonucleotide, the process including reacting a oligonucleotide precursor with a solid phase support within a reaction vessel, the reaction vessel being coupled to an actuator and having a resting position and inverting the reaction vessel via the actuator such that the reaction vessel is inverted relative to the resting position, wherein the inversion of the reaction vessel results in stirring of the solid phase support within the reaction vessel.

A process for making an oligonucleotide, the process including reacting a oligonucleotide precursor with a solid phase support within a reaction vessel, the reaction vessel being coupled to an actuator and having a resting position and inverting the reaction vessel via the actuator such that the reaction vessel is inverted relative to the resting position, wherein the inversion of the reaction vessel results in stirring of the solid phase support within the reaction vessel.