The invention relates to a cyclic method of producing a hydrogen rich and/or a carbon monoxide rich stream using different materials, a first solid material, a second solid material and a CO.sub.2 sorbent material.

In a first step a first gas stream comprising steam and at least one reductant is brought in contact with the three materials resulting in a hydrogen rich outlet stream.

In a second step, the captured CO.sub.2 from the first step is released and converted to CO to produce a CO rich outlet stream.

The invention further relates to an installation for producing a hydrogen rich and/or carbon monoxide rich stream.

Provided is an adsorbent for removal of iodide ions and iodate ions, which exhibits excellent adsorption performance of iodide ions and iodate ions. An adsorbent according to the present invention comprises cerium(IV) hydroxide and a poorly soluble silver compound. It is preferable that the content of cerium(IV) hydroxide is 50% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less, and the content of the poorly soluble silver compound is 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. It is also preferable that the poorly soluble silver compound is at least one selected from silver zeolite, silver phosphate, silver chloride, and silver carbonate.

The invention relates to a cyclic method for capturing and utilizing CO.sub.2 contained in a gas stream. The method uses three different materials, a first solid material, a second solid material and a CO.sub.2 sorbent material.

In a first step a first gas stream comprising CO.sub.2 and at least one reductant is brought in contact with the three materials, resulting in an outlet stream comprising water. In a second step, the captured CO.sub.2 from the first step is released and converted to CO to produce a CO rich outlet stream. The invention further relates to an installation for capturing and utilizing CO.sub.2.

Methods and systems are provided for an emissions aftertreatment device. In one example, the emissions aftertreatment device may include a catalyst and a high entropy oxygen storage material formed of at least five metal oxides in equal molar proportions. The at least five metal oxides includes one or more rare earth metals as well as other metals with similar chemical properties as the rare earth metals.

A method for preparing a nano carbon dioxide agent and an application of the agent are disclosed. The method takes cationic surfactant modified bentonite as a carrier, and the CO.sub.2 nano agent prepared by loading cationic surfactant modified chitosan, graphene oxide and organic alkali modified hydrotalcite has the photocatalytic effect of nano materials, which can enhance photosynthesis, increase photosynthetic rate, inhibit light respiration at night, synthesize chlorophyll for crop growth, accumulate three essential elements of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen for crop growth, effectively absorb, synthesize and transform organic components such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil, fully promote the gestation, growth and maturity of crops, and increases production and income. The CO.sub.2 capture agent of the disclosure can be used for both facility crops and field crops, and the CO2 capture agent under normal temperature and pressure has wide application.

Disclosed is a method of decontamination by exposing a zirconium oxy(hydroxide) aerogel to a liquid, vapor, or gaseous sample suspected of containing a phosphonate compound. The aerogel may be doped with Fe.sup.3+ ions, Ce.sup.3+ ions, or SO.sub.4.sup.2− ions. The aerogel may be made by: providing a solution of ZrCl.sub.4; FeCl.sub.3, CeCl.sub.3, or Zr(SO.sub.4).sub.2; and a solvent; adding a cyclic ether to the solution to form a gel; infiltrating the gel with liquid carbon dioxide; applying a temperature and pressure to form supercritical fluid carbon dioxide; and removing the carbon dioxide for form an aerogel.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a metal-organic framework composition including a metal-organic framework having an ana topology, the metal-organic framework including one or more metals connected to one or more organic linkers. Embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a method of separating chemical species including contacting a metal-organic framework having an ana topology with a flow of paraffins and separating the paraffins.

The present invention relates to a preparation method of La(OH).sub.3 nanorod/walnut shell biochar composite material (LN-WB), comprising the following steps: putting walnut shell powder into a crucible and pyrolyzing and carbonizing in a muffle furnace at 350° C. to 450° C.; after the pyrolysis is completed, grinding and sieving the obtained biochar, and then repeatedly washing with deionized water; drying the washed biochar for later use; putting an appropriate amount of biochar into the deionized water to form a turbid solution; simultaneously dropwise adding LaCl.sub.3 and NaOH to the above turbid solution by using a peristaltic pump; and allowing the obtained mixture to stand at room temperature for 20 to 30 h, washing and drying for later use. The present invention successfully prepares a La(OH).sub.3 nanoparticle-loaded biochar composite material through a simple synthesis technology.

A composition for treating water including an organic soil amendment and having ions bound thereto is beneficial to aid in the removal of aqueous contaminants, such as phosphate, other phosphorus containing compounds, arsenic, arsenic containing compounds, fluorides, and PFAS from water. In these compositions the ions include rare earth cations, iron cations, and mixtures thereof. There are also methods for making these soil amendment compositions, as well as methods for using these compositions to effectively remove contaminants from water.

The invention provides a composition of particulate materials. The composition comprises lanthanum chloride in particulate form. The composition also comprises up to about 4% by weight of amorphous silica in particulate form, based on the combined weight of the lanthanum chloride and the amorphous silica. The addition of amorphous silica to desiccated lanthanum chloride forms a fine coating or barrier on the outer surfaces of the individual lanthanum crystals, providing a composition that is significantly more stable and able to resist coalescence of particles than pure desiccated lanthanum chloride.