A method of operating a dump tank of a polymer production process by transferring all or a portion of a content of a polymerization reactor into the dump tank, wherein the reactor contents comprise solid polymer, and liquid and gaseous non-product components, and removing at least a portion of the liquid and gaseous non-product components from the dump tank by: reducing a pressure of the dump tank, subjecting the solid polymer to a first cleaning stage comprising heating the solid polymer by introducing a first heated treatment gas into the dump tank, and subjecting the solid polymer to a second cleaning stage comprising purging the solid polymer by introducing a second heated treatment gas into the dump tank.

A method of preheating a feed to a molten material reactor comprises heating a hydrocarbon feed in a first heat exchanger using a cooled product gas to produce a heated hydrocarbon feed stream, pyrolyzing at least a portion of the C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons in the heated feed stream in a pyrolysis reactor to produce a pyrolyzed hydrocarbon stream, and heating the pyrolyzed hydrocarbon stream in a second heat exchanger using a product gas to produce a pre-heated feed gas. The heated hydrocarbon feed stream comprises methane and one or more C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons.

A device for loading pellets into reactor tubes includes a portable loading box with a bottom wall defining an opening, a loading tube projecting downwardly from the opening, and a movable dam for dividing said loading box into separate chambers.

As a method for producing a copolymer with a high oil absorption rate by separating a solvent from a copolymer solution containing a copolymer in a simple manner with a less energy consumption, the present invention relates to a production method for obtaining a copolymer by separating a solvent from a copolymer solution, the method including the following Steps A to C. Step A: a step of regulating a solid component concentration (Ts) of the copolymer solution to a range of (5≦Ts≦60) in terms of a mass %, Step B: a step of heating the copolymer (P) solution obtained in the Step A such that a temperature T (° C.) is in a specified range, and Step C: a step of discharging the copolymer solution heated in the Step B from a specified nozzle at a linear velocity of 1 to 100 m/sec to separate the solvent in an inert gas stream at 0 to 200° C.

Provided herein is a gas mixer for the safe mixing of a hydrocarbon containing gas with a gaseous oxidant. The gas mixer and method for mixing described includes a closed mixing vessel where bubbles of gas injected at the bottom of the vessel are mixed during their rise to the top of the vessel, forming a homogeneous mixture that can safely be removed. This simple design and method allows for safe mixing of gases and is applicable to catalytic oxidative processes such as oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins where there is a risk of thermal runaway of reactions.

An apparatus that forms liquid silicon includes a. a device by which a gas can be brought to a high-temperature state in which it is at least partially present as plasma, b. a reaction space and a feed conduit for the high-temperature gas opening into the reaction space, c. a nozzle having a nozzle channel that opens directly into the reaction space and through which a gaseous or particulate silicon-containing starting material can be fed into the reaction space, and d. a device adapted to introduce an inert gas into the reaction space such that it protects the exit opening of the nozzle channel against thermal stress resulting from the high-temperature gas.

A method is provided for detecting primary gas flows (18) in flow chambers (10). The primary gas (18) flowing in a flow chamber (10) is locally seeded with a seed substance and the movement of the seed substance, representative of the flow of the primary gas (18), is detected by imaging by an image detector (28) and an imaging optics (30) arranged in front of said image detector (28). A gas mixture (34) that moves along with the primary gas (18) without relative motion and that has a refractive index distinguishable from that of the primary gas (18) is used as the seed substance, and imaging detection is carried out by a background schlieren measurement method.

A photoreactor having computer actuated input/output ports is operated by introducing reactant through an input port and collecting product through an output port, and upon closure of the input and output ports, treating photocatalyst within the photoreactor to remove intermediates limiting performance of the photocatalyst. Once the photocatalyst is regenerated, introduction of reactant to the photoreactor through the input port and collection of product from the output port can be resumed. The automated process does not require removal of catalyst from the photoreactor and significantly improves process economics.

In an embodiment, a reactor for carrying out a melt transesterification reaction at a reactor temperature of 160 to 300° C. and a reactor pressure of 5 to 200 mbar, comprises a cylindrical tank comprising a top, a side, and a bottom, wherein the bottom is convex, extending away from the top; a stirring shaft disposed within the cylindrical tank along an axis thereof so that it is rotatable from outside of the cylindrical tank; a stirring blade extending from the stirring shaft in the cylindrical tank; a reactant solution inlet located on the bottom; and a reaction solution outlet located on the bottom. The reactor can be used for the polymerization of a polycarbonate oligomer.

A fluidized bed reactor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a reactor body, and a dispersion plate coupled to a bottom portion of the reactor body. The dispersion plate may include a base plate and injection columns protruding from a top surface of the base plate. The injection columns include first injection columns arranged at a central portion of the dispersion plate, and second injection columns arranged at a peripheral portion of the dispersion plate. The second injection column has a greater height than a height of the first injection column. A reactive gas is uniformly injected to a wall surface of the reactor through the dispersion plate, thereby increasing a recovery ratio for an active metal of a lithium secondary battery.