The present invention discloses a gas-liquid bubbling bed reactor, comprising a liquid distributor, a gas distributor located below the liquid distributor, a catalyst bed layer and a catalyst support plate, and an optional interception screen, wherein the top of the reactor is provided with a gas outlet, the reactor is provided with a feed inlet connected to the liquid distributor, a gas inlet connected to the gas distributor, the bottom is provided with a discharge outlet. The present invention further provides a reaction system, which comprises the gas-liquid bubbling bed reactor as the main reactor and a sub-reactor. Through the system and the process of the present invention, the problems of the low conversion rate, the gas binding of the circulating pump, the unstable operation, the low yield of electronic-grade products, and the like in the carbonate synthesis process are solved purposedly targetedly, and the present invention can be applied to related industrial production.

A reactor arrangement for performing, by means of at least one solid reaction member(s), a biological or chemical transformation, or physical or chemical trapping from, or release of agents to, a fluidic media in a continuous process. The arrangement comprises at least one reactor with a cylindrical reaction vessel (11) in which at least one reactor a transformation device (100) has been mounted. The vessel (11) comprises at least one inlet port (30) in the vicinity of its bottom wall (18) and at least one outlet port (40) arranged in the vicinity of its upper end portion. Each inlet port (30) is connected to a fluid supply member (300) configured to be submerged below the fluid surface level in a pool or a pond. The fluid supply member (300) comprises at least one inlet opening (301) configured to continuously supply a fluid from the pool or the pond to the vessel (11). Each outlet port (40) is configured to continuously let out the fluid from the vessel (11) to the pool or the pond via the outlet port (40). Further a method of using the reactor arrangement is provided.

A reactor for hydrocarbon production that separates wax reaction products from lightweight gaseous reaction products. The reactor has a housing, a catalyst bed, a product recovery zone, and a stripping zone. The catalyst bed can be provided in multi-tubular and other fixed bed configurations. The stripping zone receives light-weight gas reaction products from the product recovery zone, while a gas outlet of the housing receives non-lightweight gaseous hydrocarbon reaction products from the product recovery zone. A wax outlet of the housing receives wax products from the product recovery zone.

A cylindrical flow distributor (100) for performing, by means of solid reaction members, a biological or chemical transformation, or physical or chemical trapping from, or release of agents to, a fluidic media is provided. The flow distributor (100) comprises: a top wall (1); a bottom wall (2) comprising a central through going opening (13); and an outer wall (3) extending between the top wall (1) and the bottom wall (2). The top wall (1), the bottom wall (2) and an inner envelope surface (5) of said outer wall (3) together define a confinement (7) configured to contain solid reaction membersor a rigid body of a reaction member material. The outer wall (3) comprises a first plurality of longitudinally extending ribs (20) arranged side by side with longitudinal gaps (21) extending in the circumferential direction between two adjacent ribs (20), and a circumferentially extending first scaffold (22) encircling and being fixedly attached to a peripheral outer surface (29) of said plurality of longitudinally extending ribs (20). Further, a reactor using such flow distributor (100) is provided.

The invention refers to a flow-promoting device (100; 100; 100″) for performing a biological or chemical transformation, or physical or chemical trapping from, or release of agents to, a fluidic medium. The flow-promoting device (100; 100; 100″) comprises a ferromagnetic material (5) and a retaining structure (1; 1; 1″), the retaining structure having a compartment (9; 9″) defined by a permeable material (11; 11″). The retaining structure (1; 1; 1″) comprises a top wall (3; 3″) and a circumferential side wall (4; 4″), wherein the top wall (3; 3″) and the circumferential side wall (4; 4″) is formed mainly by said permeable material (11; 11″). The compartment (9; 9″) of the retaining structure (1; 1; 1″) is arranged to contain at least one fluid-permeable solid reaction member.

System and method for mixing a catalyst precursor into heavy oil using a high boiling hydrocarbon diluent to form a diluted precursor mixture, which is mixed with the heavy oil feedstock to form a conditioned feedstock, which is subsequently heated to decompose the precursor and form dispersed metal sulfide catalyst particles in situ. Because the high boiling hydrocarbon diluent is typically at a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the catalyst precursor, it is first feed through a cooler to reduce its temperature to avoid premature decomposition of the catalyst precursor. The high boiling hydrocarbon diluent may include a portion of the heavy oil feedstock, a portion of the conditioned feedstock, a vacuum tower bottoms product, or other high boiling hydrocarbon material having a boiling point higher than 524° C. A portion of the diluent may optionally include a medium boiling hydrocarbon material having a boiling point less than 524° C.

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for processing a powder alloy to improve its microstructure. The methods for processing the powder alloy can include introducing the powder alloy into a powder vessel having an inert atmosphere, uniformly heat treating the powder alloy inside the powder vessel at its solutionizing temperature, and cooling the heat treated powder alloy at a rate of at least 5° C./s to form treated particles. The treated particles obtained from the methods and apparatuses disclosed herein can be used in any suitable manufacturing process, such as in cold gas dynamic spray.

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for processing a powder alloy to improve its microstructure. The methods for processing the powder alloy can include introducing the powder alloy into a powder vessel having an inert atmosphere, uniformly heat treating the powder alloy inside the powder vessel at its solutionizing temperature, and cooling the heat treated powder alloy at a rate of at least 5 C./s to form treated particles. The treated particles obtained from the methods and apparatuses disclosed herein can be used in any suitable manufacturing process, such as in cold gas dynamic spray.

The invention refers to a flow-promoting device (100; 100; 100) for performing a biological or chemical transformation, or physical or chemical trapping from, or release of agents to, a fluidic medium. The flow-promoting device (100; 100; 100) comprises a ferromagnetic material (5) and a retaining structure (1; 1; 1), the retaining structure having a compartment (9; 9) defined by a permeable material (11; 11). The retaining structure (1; 1; 1) comprises a top wall (3; 3) and a circumferential side wall (4; 4), wherein the top wall (3; 3) and the circumferential side wall (4; 4) is formed mainly by said permeable material (11; 11). The compartment (9; 9) of the retaining structure (1; 1; 1) is arranged to contain at least one fluid-permeable solid reaction member.

Systems and methods employing beds of bagged and caged absorbent and adsorbent materials are disclosed. These inventions are useful in the area of solid phase extraction.