Various embodiments include a reactor for carrying out a chemical equilibrium reaction between two gaseous starting materials and a gaseous product comprising: a pressure vessel including a reaction space with an inlet for the two starting materials and a first outlet for the gaseous product; a catalytic material arranged in the reaction space; a condensation area in the reaction space for the gaseous product; and a cooling duct structure cooling the condensation area. The cooling duct structure and the housing of the pressure vessel are constructed in a single piece. The reaction space includes a reaction duct running in a convoluted or helical manner between partitions within the pressure vessel. A cross section of the reaction duct extends between opposite face sides of the pressure vessel.

A catalyst is regenerated by an inventive process using a heat exchange fluid such as superheated steam to remove heat during the process relying on efficient heat transfer (e.g., enabled by the microchannel reactor construction) in comparison with prior art heat exchange relying on a phase change, e.g. between water and (partial or complete vaporization) steam, allows simplification of the protocols to enable transition at higher temperatures between steps which translates in reduced duration of the regeneration process and avoids potential water hammering risks.

The present invention relates to a process for carrying out a chemical reaction in a chemical reactor, in which at least one starting material, which is an organic chemical compound comprising 1 to 80 carbon atoms, is converted into at least one reaction product in a fluid phase in the presence of a film comprising solid catalyst particles, which catalyze said chemical reaction, and comprising an organic polymer in fibrillated form, wherein the mass fraction of the sum of the starting material and of the reaction product based on the total mass of the fluid phase is in the range from 0.01 to 1.

Described herein are multi-functionalized hollow fiber organocatalysts, processes for producing multi-functionalized hollow fiber organocatalysts, and processes that utilize multi-functionalized hollow fiber organocatalysts for reacting chemicals. A variety of chemical reactions may be enhanced with the multifunctional hollow fiber organocatalysts. The multi-functionalized hollow fiber organocatalysts are particularly advantageous when used as heterogeneous organocatalysts and continuous-flow reactors.

A method of making a bijel includes dispersing surface-active nanoparticles in a ternary liquid mixture. The ternary liquid mixture includes a hydrophilic liquid, a hydrophobic liquid, and a solvent. The ternary liquid mixture is contacted with water. A bijel includes a stable mixture of two immiscible liquids separated by an interfacial layer of colloidal particles. The bijel has temperature-independent stability, and the domain sizes are below one micrometer.

A method for manufacturing a porous film includes: a first step of preparing droplets (D) which are formed from a first liquid into spheres with a predetermined diameter of 10 μm or more and 2000 μm or less and a second liquid (L2) which includes a curing agent which cures by imparting energy or a curing agent which cures due to change in pH and includes droplets dispersed therein; a second step of injecting the droplets and the second liquid into a gap between a pair of substrates (31 and 32); a third step of curing the second liquid to form an external phase; and the fourth step of removing the droplets in the external phase to form hole sections.

Apparatuses for generation of a gas, for example chlorine dioxide, methods of forming an apparatus, and methods of use thereof are provided. The apparatus may include at least one pouch composed of a hydrophobic material and a reactant disposed within the interior of the pouch. The reactant generates a desired gas in the presence of an initiating agent.

A method of making a bijel includes dispersing surface-active nanoparticles in a ternary liquid mixture. The ternary liquid mixture includes a hydrophilic liquid, a hydrophobic liquid, and a solvent. The ternary liquid mixture is contacted with water. A bijel includes a stable mixture of two immiscible liquids separated by an interfacial layer of colloidal particles. The bijel has temperature-independent stability, and the domain sizes are below one micrometer.

A reactor for oxidizing low concentrations of methane in air or other oxidizable fluid mixtures using a porous heat exchanger and a non-porous heat exchanger and an activation zone that allows the oxidation of very weak streams of methane in air or of other oxidizable fluid mixtures.

The present invention provides a micro-reactor (1) adapted to host chemical reactions having at least one microfluidic layer, said micro-reactor (1) comprising a fluid inlet (2) and a fluid outlet (3); a plurality of micro-reaction chambers (10) arranged in rows (7) and columns (6), each micro-reaction chamber comprising a chamber inlet (10a) and a chamber outlet (10b); a plurality of supply channels (4) for supplying fluid to from said fluid inlet (2) to said micro-reaction chambers (10) and further arranged for draining said micro-reaction chambers (10) to said fluid outlet (3), said supply channels (10) extending in a first direction (D1) along the columns (6) of micro-reaction chambers (10) and arranged such that there is one supply channel (4) between adjacent columns (6). The micro-reaction chambers (10) in the columns (6) are arranged such that the chamber inlets (10a) of a column are in fluid contact with the same supply channel (4) and the chamber outlets (10b) are in fluid contact with the supply channel (4) adjacent to the supply channel (4) arranged in fluidic contact with the chamber inlets (10a). Further, the plurality of supply channels (4) comprises a first end supply channel (4a) arranged for supplying fluid to a first end column (6a) of the micro-reaction chambers (10) and a second end supply channel (4b) arranged for draining fluid from the second, opposite, end column (6b) of said micro-reaction chambers (10); and wherein the micro-reactor (1) further comprises at least one reagent inlet (8) in fluid contact with the first end supply channel 4a and a reagent outlet (9) in fluid contact with the second end supply channel such that reagents introduced to the at least one reagent inlet (8) fill the plurality of micro-reaction chambers (10) in a second direction (D2) along the rows (7) of micro-reaction chambers (10) to the reagent outlet (9).