The invention relates to a method for polymerising ethylenically unsaturated monomers by free-radical initiated emulsion polymerisation in an aqueous medium in a polymerisation reactor, wherein the inside walls and optionally also the fittings in the reactor are coated by applying a deposit-inhibiting product before the reactor is filled, characterised in that the surfaces that are to be coated with deposit-inhibiting product are treated with an acid solution.

Disclosed is a hydrothermal synthesis device for continuously preparing an inorganic slurry using a hydrothermal method. The hydrothermal synthesis device includes a mixer to mix at least one precursor solution for preparing an inorganic material, injected via at least one supply tube, to prepare an intermediate slurry, a connection tube provided at a side of the mixer, continuously discharging the prepared intermediate slurry to a reactor, and having a hydrophobic coating on an inner surface of a portion thereof adjacent to the reactor, and the reactor performing hydrothermal reaction of the intermediate slurry supplied from the connection tube by receiving a liquid stream heated to supercritical or subcritical conditions using a heat exchanger and connected to the connection tube into which the intermediate slurry prepared from the mixer is introduced and to at least one injection tube into which the heated liquid stream is injected.

Disclosed herein are systems and processes for the conversion of a methane feedstock to C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons.

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

A pyrolytic reactor comprising a fuel injection zone, a combustion zone adjacent to the fuel injections zone, an expansion zone adjacent to the combustion zone, a feedstock injection zone comprising a plurality of injection nozzles and disposed adjacent to the expansion zone, a mixing zone configured to mix a carrier stream and feed material and disposed adjacent to the feedstock injection zone, and a reaction zone adjacent to the mixing zone. The plurality of injection nozzles are radially distributed in a first assembly defining a first plane transverse to the feedstock injection zone and in a second assembly transverse to the feedstock injection zone.

A method for synthesizing an alkali metal-based phosphorous compound includes contacting an elemental alkali metal with elemental phosphorous to create a mixture and applying a pressure of less than 20 gigapascals to the mixture for forming the alkali metal-based phosphorous compound.

Methods for operating a hydroprocessing reactor and preventing corrosion in a hydroprocessing unit are provided. The hydroprocessing reactor includes surfaces exposed to corrosive compounds. In one aspect, a graphene-based coating is applied to the surfaces of the reactor. A feed comprising crude oil or its fractions and hydrogen is introduced into the reactor, and the operating temperature of the reactor is increased to 36° C.-600° C. The reactor is operated at a pressure of 10 bar-250 bar. The feed is then hydroprocessed in the reactor and the coating defines a barrier on the surfaces of the reactor to prevent corrosion. In another aspect, after application of the coating, the coated surface is tested to determine whether the coating covers the entire surface. Additional coating is then applied to one or more areas of the surface that were determined not to be covered by the initial coating.

Methods for operating a hydroprocessing reactor and preventing corrosion in a hydroprocessing unit are provided. The hydroprocessing reactor includes surfaces exposed to corrosive compounds. In one aspect, a graphene-based coating is applied to the surfaces of the reactor. A feed comprising crude oil or its fractions and hydrogen is introduced into the reactor, and the operating temperature of the reactor is increased to 36° C.-600° C. The reactor is operated at a pressure of 10 bar-250 bar. The feed is then hydroprocessed in the reactor and the coating defines a barrier on the surfaces of the reactor to prevent corrosion. In another aspect, after application of the coating, the coated surface is tested to determine whether the coating covers the entire surface. Additional coating is then applied to one or more areas of the surface that were determined not to be covered by the initial coating.

A method for synthesizing an alkali metal-based phosphorous compound includes contacting an elemental alkali metal with elemental phosphorous to create a mixture and applying a pressure of less than 20 gigapascals to the mixture for forming the alkali metal-based phosphorous compound.