The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating hydrogen in a nanoporous carbon powder.

A system for disassociating molecules of a gas based on RF power. Characteristics of the RF power can be tuned to increase disassociation efficiency. The system can include a disassociation chamber configured to enclose a volume of a gas and a radio frequency (RF) power source configured to provide RF power to the disassociation chamber. The RF power source can include a radio-frequency generator configured to generate an electromagnetic (EM) radiation having a frequency between about 20 MHz and about 10 THz, a radio-frequency amplifier configured to amplify the generated EM radiation, and an output channel to direct the amplified EM radiation towards the volume of gas.

Systems, methods and devices for nitric oxide generation are provided for use with various ventilation and/or medical devices and having a humidity control system associated therewith. In some embodiments, a system for generating nitric oxide comprises at least one pair of electrodes configured to generate a product gas containing nitric oxide from a reactant gas, a scrubber configured to remove nitric dioxide NO.sub.2 from the product gas, and a humidity control device configured to alter a water content of at least one of the reactant gas and the product gas to control humidity within the system.

The embodiments disclosed herein are directed to systems, methods, and devices for producing materials having desired characteristics using microwave plasma. In some embodiments, performing an iterative process may be used to produce a material having desired characteristics, the process comprising forming a microwave plasma within the reaction chamber, analyzing the plasma to determine if properties of the plasma are within a range expected to produce the desired characteristics of the material; and adjusting, based on the analysis of the plasma, one or more parameters. In some embodiments, an extension tube is provided within a microwave plasma apparatus to extend the length of a microwave plasma.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating hydrogen in a nanoporous carbon powder.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems are provided for using laser ablation to manufacture nanoparticles. An example method includes steps of generating, by a laser beam generator, a laser beam, splitting, by a set of beam splitters, the laser beam into a plurality of derivative laser beams, and directing each derivative laser beam towards a plurality of targets. In this example method, the plurality of targets are submerged in corresponding synthesis solvents within corresponding synthesis chambers. Moreover, interaction of each derivative laser beam with its corresponding target releases nanoparticles into the corresponding synthesis solvent to create a nanoparticle solution including both the corresponding synthesis solvent and the released nanoparticles.

Apparatus and systems describe a plasma source to generate cold plasma solution for use in hospital, home, office, and other locations. The plasma source employs air, gas, and/or vapor discharging in a high voltage electric field, which interact to obtain plasma solution for oral health. The plasma source may include power supply, plasma generator, liquid container, liquid aerosolizer/vaporizer or liquid disturber, reservoir, collector, and intelligent control center.

In order to provide an apparatus for industrially producing a fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate (CNB), the apparatus comprises: a target holding unit holding a carbon target in sheet form containing a metal catalyst such as Fe; a light source irradiating a laser beam on a surface of the carbon target; a movement unit moving one of the target held by the target holding unit and the light source relative to the other to move the irradiation position of the laser beam on the surface of the target; a production chamber configured to irradiate the carbon target with the laser beam in an atmosphere of non-oxidizing gas to produce a product including the fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate; a collection mechanism collecting carbon vapor evaporated from the target by irradiation of the laser beam to collect nanocarbon including the fibrous carbon nanohorn aggregate; and a control unit controlling an operation of the movement unit or the light source so that the power density of the laser beam irradiated to the surface of the carbon target is substantially constant, and the irradiation position of the laser beam is moved to a region adjacent to a region previously irradiated by the laser beam, an interval being formed therebetween that is equal to or larger than the width of an altered region formed on the periphery of the region irradiated by the laser beam.

A cassette system capable of a germicidal treatment of highly opaque liquids, featuring a filter, which prevents wavelengths above the UV-C spectrum reaching the liquid being treated, one or more spiral-shaped tubes extending from an inlet end to an outlet end creating a fluidic pathway, and one or more light sources illuminating the one or more spiral-shaped tubes, wherein the one or more light sources emit light in a wavelength range between 180-300 nm.

Aspects of the present disclosure involve a gliding-arc type plasma reactor for use in nitrogen-based fertilizer production. The plasma reactor may include a pair of electrodes oriented in a plane within an enclosure. A pair of sheaths may attach to a corresponding electrode, with each included a strike point surface oriented to face the other sheath. The electrodes may further include an inner channel through which a cooling fluid may be pumped for heat control. A gas injection system may also be included to inject a gas into the chamber for interacting with the plasma arc and may or may not include an adjustable nozzle. The nozzle may direct air flow, including the gas, at a location at which the plasma arc may occur. The device provides for a long lifetime of components within the device and easy replacement and maintenance of the components of high-wear items.