An apparatus for forming C1 to C5 alcohol, carboxylic acid, or mixture thereof from carbon dioxide and hydrogen is described. The apparatus comprises: a dielectric barrier discharge, DBD, device arranged to generate a plasma; and a passageway having an inlet for the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen and an outlet for the C1 to C5 alcohol, carboxylic acid, or mixture thereof and including therein a catalyst comprising nickel and/or cobalt and/or copper on a support. The passageway extends, at least in part, through the DBD device wherein, in use, the carbon dioxide is exposed to the catalyst in the presence of the hydrogen in the generated plasma, thereby forming the C1 to C5 alcohol, carboxylic acid, or mixture thereof from at least some of the carbon dioxide and the hydrogen. The DBD devices comprises a water electrode. A method and a catalyst are also described.

An integrated sleeve structure is provided between an electrode configured to feed power to a silicon core wire and a bottom plate part. Sealing members are arranged on at least part of a flange part of an insulating member and on at least part of a straight part of the insulating member.

The invention relates to a flow cell having a tube piece which extends along a longitudinal axis and within which a first electrode is coaxially arranged. The tube piece is formed by a first tube section and by a second tube section and by a second electrode which is arranged between the first and the second tube sections and which is circumferentially closed, so that its inner surface forms a part of the tube piece.

The present disclosure relates to methods, systems and products for converting carbon dioxide to one or more small organic compounds. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of converting CO.sub.2 and/or a related form thereof to one or more small organic compounds, the method comprising exposing the CO.sub.2 and/or the related form thereof to a beta particle activated high band-gap semiconductor and thereby converting the CO.sub.2 and/or the related form thereof to the one or more small organic compounds.

An integrated sleeve structure is provided between an electrode configured to feed power to a silicon core wire and a bottom plate part. Sealing members are arranged on at least part of a flange part of an insulating member and on at least part of a straight part of the insulating member.

The present invention describes a PEF (pulsed electric field) chamber, said PEF chamber 1 comprising a tube 2 with two open ends 3, 4 having attachment means 5, 6 enabling the PEF chamber 1 to be a plug-in device, wherein the tube 2 has a length L from one open end 3 to the other open end 4 and an inner width IW from one side of the tube to the other side of the tube in a cross section being perpendicular to the length L thereof, wherein the tube 2 has a geometrical narrowing of the inner width IW somewhere along the length L of the tube 2, and wherein the PEF chamber 1 comprises a grid 9 of an insulating material being arranged at the geometrical narrowing or electrode units 7, 8 being arranged opposite each other at the geometrical narrowing of the inner width IW along the length L of the tube 2. The plug-in feature of the present invention renders the PEF chamber to function as an l attachable and disposable PEF chamber.

The present invention relates to a device for generating cold plasma to be used in the process chemical industry, in particular for producing chemical substances, above all acids such as for example nitric acid and sulphuric acid. The invention also relates to reactors and plants involving said cold plasma generator device and to corresponding chemical processes based thereupon. The device and the associated method of the present invention allow producing with high efficiency several chemical substances, in particular acids. The invention also keeps the several advantages of using the cold plasma technology, in particular the one of not requiring catalysts and/or high reaction temperatures.

Apparatus for treating water is provided where the apparatus includes a reaction chamber having an air-water interface and a plasma applicator disposed in air in proximity to the air-water interface. The plasma applicator includes a solid dielectric plate sandwiched between a first electrode and a second electrode, where the first electrode is closer to the water than the second electrode. The plasma applicator further includes a first insulating layer disposed on the first electrode. The apparatus is configured to generate a plasma between the first insulating layer and the air-water interface during operation.

The present invention describes a PEF (pulsed electric field) chamber, said PEF chamber 1 comprising a tube 2 with two open ends 3, 4 having attachment means 5, 6 enabling the PEF chamber 1 to be a plug-in device, wherein the tube 2 has a length L from one open end 3 to the other open end 4 and an inner width IW from one side of the tube to the other side of the tube in a cross section being perpendicular to the length L thereof, wherein the tube 2 has a geometrical narrowing of the inner width IW somewhere along the length L of the tube 2, and wherein the PEF chamber 1 comprises a grid 9 of an insulating material being arranged at the geometrical narrowing or electrode units 7, 8 being arranged opposite each other at the geometrical narrowing of the inner width IW along the length L of the tube 2. The plug-in feature of the present invention renders the PEF chamber to function as an 1 attachable and disposable PEF chamber.

The invention relates to a flow cell having a tube piece which extends along a longitudinal axis and within which a first electrode is coaxially arranged. The tube piece is formed by a first tube section and by a second tube section and by a second electrode which is arranged between the first and the second tube sections and which is circumferentially closed, so that its inner surface forms a part of the tube piece.