In order to provide a treatment apparatus that can efficiently perform microwave irradiation, a treatment apparatus includes: a vessel made of a microwave-reflecting material, and having a first end and an irradiation opening portion, which is an emitting portion of microwaves that are emitted into the vessel; a first filter located so as to partition the vessel, and configured to separate solids that are to be separated, from the contents of the vessel; and a first reflecting member located closer to the first end than the emitting portion is and so as to partition the vessel, and configured to allow at least the contents having passed through the first filter to pass through the first reflecting member, and to reflect microwaves.

A method and apparatus for the manufacture of nitric oxide and/or nitrogen dioxide in which a plasma is formed from nitrogen and oxygen passed through gas inlets into a reaction chamber to create a vorticular flow in the reaction chamber. A source of microwave energy is used to energise the nitrogen and oxygen in a microwave transparent inner plasma containment

A microwave pyrolysis reactor including an elongated hollow body defining an internal cavity, a bottom body secured to the bottom end of the elongated hollow body, and a top body secured to the top end of the elongated hollow body, the elongated hollow body and the bottom and top bodies form an enclosure for receiving a product to be pyrolyzed, wherein the elongated hollow body includes an elongated wall extending between an internal face and an external face, the elongated wall being provided with at least one fluid receiving cavity for receiving therein a temperature control fluid in order to control a temperature of the product when received in the enclosure, and with the at least one fluid receiving cavity extending at least within a bottom section of the elongated wall adjacent to the bottom body.

In order to provide a treatment apparatus that can efficiently perform microwave irradiation, a treatment apparatus includes: a vessel made of a microwave-reflecting material, and having a first end and an irradiation opening portion, which is an emitting portion of microwaves that are emitted into the vessel; a first filter located so as to partition the vessel, and configured to separate solids that are to be separated, from the contents of the vessel; and a first reflecting member located closer to the first end than the emitting portion is and so as to partition the vessel, and configured to allow at least the contents having passed through the first filter to pass through the first reflecting member, and to reflect microwaves.

A chemical reaction method includes preparing a chemical reaction apparatus including a horizontal flow reactor partitioned into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates. A liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space provided thereabove. a microwave generator and a waveguide that transmits microwaves to the unfilled space are also included. The reactor is inclined such that, in each of the chambers, a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side. The content is flowed over each of the multiple partition plates inside the reactor. The content flowing inside the reactor is irradiated with microwaves. The inclination angle of the reactor is changed in each of the chambers so that a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side.

A chemical reaction apparatus includes a horizontal flow-type reactor in which a content horizontally flows with an unfilled space being provided thereabove, a microwave generator that generates microwaves, and at least one waveguide that transmits the microwaves generated by the microwave generator to the unfilled space in the reactor.

There is provided an apparatus comprising a microwave generator, for heating catalyst material, and an electrochemical pump. A reactive process is catalyzed by the heated catalyst material to produce reaction products, and some of the reaction products are recovered via the electrochemical pump.

A chemical reaction method includes preparing a chemical reaction apparatus including a horizontal flow reactor partitioned into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates. A liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space provided thereabove. a microwave generator and a waveguide that transmits microwaves to the unfilled space are also included. The reactor is inclined such that, in each of the chambers, a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side. The content is flowed over each of the multiple partition plates inside the reactor. The content flowing inside the reactor is irradiated with microwaves. The inclination angle of the reactor is changed in each of the chambers so that a weir height on an inlet side is higher than a weir height on an outlet side.

A chemical reaction method having steps of preparing a chemical reaction apparatus by partitioning an inside of a horizontal flow reactor into multiple chambers by multiple partition plates, and flowing a liquid horizontally with an unfilled space being provided thereabove, generating microwaves with a microwave generator, and transmiting the microwaves, with at least one waveguide, to the unfilled space in the reactor. Also forming a top portion of the partition plates act as a weir, inclining the reactor such that, in each of the chambers, a weir height on the inlet side is higher than a weir height on the outlet side by at least an overflow depth at the partition plate on the outlet side, flowing content over each of the partition plates inside the reactor, and configuring the weir heights of the partition plates in the reactor are the same in a state where the reactor is not inclined.

In order to provide a treatment apparatus that can efficiently perform microwave irradiation, a treatment apparatus includes: a vessel made of a microwave-reflecting material, and having a first end and an irradiation opening portion, which is an emitting portion of microwaves that are emitted into the vessel; a first filter located so as to partition the vessel, and configured to separate solids that are to be separated, from the contents of the vessel; and a first reflecting member located closer to the first end than the emitting portion is and so as to partition the vessel, and configured to allow at least the contents having passed through the first filter to pass through the first reflecting member, and to reflect microwaves.