A door assembly for a microwave reactor including a microwave waveguide to direct microwaves from an external microwave source to inside the microwave reactor, and having a waveguide interface for preventing backflow of a process gas into the waveguide; an inlet for entry of matter to be treated in the microwave reactor; a first seal at the periphery of the door assembly to sealably interface with a static front of the microwave reactor; a second seal inserted into a groove on an inside face of the door assembly to sealably interface with an opening of a microwave reactor drum, the groove having a width of about 12.9 inches (32.766 cm) divided by an integer, and the second seal configured to prevent solids and liquids from flowing outside of the reactor drum; and a ring choke to contact a choke arranged on the periphery of the opening of the reactor drum.

A microwave-plasma system for generating fixed-nitrogen products comprises a microwave generator operably coupled with a gas chamber where the microwave generator provides microwave power to the gas chamber. The system further includes a source of gas, which may be for example oxygen, nitrogen and/or air, operably coupled with the plasma chamber. The microwave power produces a plasma of the gas within the chamber. The system further includes an absorber unit fluidically connected to the gas chamber to capture product from the plasma in the gas chamber. The captured product may include fixed nitrogen gaseous products.

A system includes a first chamber, a second chamber, an ultraviolet light source and a microwave source. The first chamber includes an inlet. The second chamber is adjacent the first chamber and includes an outlet and a waveguide. The ultraviolet light source resides within the waveguide of the second chamber. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

An apparatus for depolymerization of polymers, in particular polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes and polycarbonates, comprises a microwave depolymerization reactor having a reaction chamber; a microwave generation and transport system to send microwaves into the reaction chamber and comprising a microwave generator and a guide device housed in the reaction chamber to convey and distribute microwaves in the reaction chamber; a mixing device, rotating around the axis in the reaction chamber and configured so as to dynamically distribute inside the reaction chamber a mixture of liquids and solids contained in the reaction chamber; and a pressurization system configured to vary the pressure within the reaction chamber.

In order to provide a treatment apparatus that can efficiently perform microwave irradiation, a treatment apparatus includes: a vessel made of a microwave-reflecting material, and having a first end and an irradiation opening portion, which is an emitting portion of microwaves that are emitted into the vessel; a first filter located so as to partition the vessel, and configured to separate solids that are to be separated, from the contents of the vessel; and a first reflecting member located closer to the first end than the emitting portion is and so as to partition the vessel, and configured to allow at least the contents having passed through the first filter to pass through the first reflecting member, and to reflect microwaves.

In order to provide a chemical reaction apparatus that can suppress a situation where microwaves are concentrated on a partial portion in a reactor, and that can more uniformly irradiate a content with the microwaves, a chemical reaction apparatus includes: a horizontal flow-type reactor in which a liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space being provided thereabove; a microwave generator that generates microwaves; and a waveguide that transmits the microwaves generated by the microwave generator to the unfilled space in the reactor, wherein a top of the reactor is curved with respect to a flow direction of the content.

Methods and systems include supplying pulsed microwave radiation through a waveguide, where the microwave radiation propagates in a direction along the waveguide. A pressure within the waveguide is at least 0.1 atmosphere. A supply gas is provided at a first location along a length of the waveguide, a majority of the supply gas flowing in the direction of the microwave radiation propagation. A plasma is generated in the supply gas, and a process gas is added into the waveguide at a second location downstream from the first location. A majority of the process gas flows in the direction of the microwave propagation at a rate greater than 5 slm. An average energy of the plasma is controlled to convert the process gas into separated components, by controlling at least one of a pulsing frequency of the pulsed microwave radiation, and a duty cycle of the pulsed microwave radiation.

Apparatus for treating materials with plasma, comprising a microwave generator (15), a waveguide (20) and a tubular torch (30), comprising three coaxial tubes (33, 35, 37) and a central section (30.2) connected to the waveguide (20) by means of a body (50) having a cavity (52) through which the tubes pass. A plasma containment chamber is defined in the outer tube (35) at the cavity (52) of the body (50).

A microwave pyrolysis reactor including an elongated hollow body defining an internal cavity, a bottom body secured to the bottom end of the elongated hollow body, and a top body secured to the top end of the elongated hollow body, the elongated hollow body and the bottom and top bodies form an enclosure for receiving a product to be pyrolyzed, wherein the elongated hollow body includes an elongated wall extending between an internal face and an external face, the elongated wall being provided with at least one fluid receiving cavity for receiving therein a temperature control fluid in order to control a temperature of the product when received in the enclosure, and with the at least one fluid receiving cavity extending at least within a bottom section of the elongated wall adjacent to the bottom body.

In order to provide a treatment apparatus that can efficiently perform microwave irradiation, a treatment apparatus includes: a vessel made of a microwave-reflecting material, and having a first end and an irradiation opening portion, which is an emitting portion of microwaves that are emitted into the vessel; a first filter located so as to partition the vessel, and configured to separate solids that are to be separated, from the contents of the vessel; and a first reflecting member located closer to the first end than the emitting portion is and so as to partition the vessel, and configured to allow at least the contents having passed through the first filter to pass through the first reflecting member, and to reflect microwaves.