The present invention relates to the field of gas/liquid reactors making possible the oligomerization of ethylene to give linear olefins by homogeneous catalysis with a reaction chamber comprising transverse internals capable of slowing down the ascent of the gaseous ethylene in the said reactor.

Disclosed is a plasma surface treatment apparatus for conductive powder. The plasma surface treatment apparatus for conductive powder comprises: a reaction chamber including a linear gas inlet at the lower end thereof and a gas outlet at the upper end thereof, and having a vertical cross section that is funnel-shaped; and a plasma jet generation device that is located below the linear gas inlet and is configured to discharge a plasma jet into the reaction chamber from below in an upward direction through the linear gas inlet, wherein powder is accommodated in the reaction chamber and is treated by plasma while buoyed by the plasma jet.

The present invention relates to a gas/liquid oligomerization reactor with successive zones of variable diameter. The invention also relates to a process for the oligomerization of ethylene using a gas/liquid oligomerization reactor with successive zones of variable diameter.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED:

In an apparatus for synthesizing methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen, a device which is capable to remove the reaction heat and lower the reaction temperature as the reaction progresses in order to increase the conversion ratio to methane has been desired.

SOLUTION:

In the present invention, powders of magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate, which are chemical heat storage agents, are used as part of the fluidizing medium of the multi-stage fluidized bed in the temperature range where the methanation reaction proceeds. The heat generated during the methanation reaction can be absorbed and stored in the powder. At this time, carbon dioxide generated from magnesium carbonate can be used as a raw material gas for the methanation reaction. Furthermore, after discharging the magnesium oxide generated by endotherm, the powder can be regenerated with an external regenerating facility and then the storage heat can be released and recovered. The regenerated powder can be fed to the uppermost stage of the multi-stage fluidized bed at a temperature lower than the internal temperature of the reactor to lower inside temperature. This made it possible to lower the reaction temperature of ascending reaction gas in the reactor along with the reaction progress, and to increase the conversion ratio to the produced methane by this lowered temperature.

The invention relates to a method for producing an oil rich fraction (OF) from primary feedstock (FS) that comprises water, first salt, second salt, and biomass. The feedstock (FS) is provided to a first reaction zone (Z1) of a conversion reactor (100), where it is allowed to react at a temperature of at least 350° C. in a pressure of at least 160 bar to form converted primary feedstock. The method comprises separating from the converted primary feedstock a first salt rich fraction (SF1), a second salt rich fraction (SF2), and an oil rich fraction (OF). The method comprises withdrawing the oil rich fraction (OF) from the first reaction zone (Z1) and withdrawing the first salt rich fraction (SF1) and the second salt rich fraction (SF2) from the conversion reactor (100). In the method the first salt rich fraction (SF1) comprises at least some of the first salt dissolved in the water, the second salt rich fraction (SF2) comprises at least some of the second salt in solid form, and at least one of the first salt and the second salt is a salt capable of catalysing the reaction of the biomass of the primary feedstock (FS) with the water of the primary feedstock (FS) to produce the oil rich fraction (OF). A device for the same.

The present invention provides a highly effective method of continuous reactions in a heat exchanger reactor using a flexible turbulator (2). The flexible turbulator (2) present in the tube of the reactor assembly provides efficient mixing and reaction of the reactants in the reactor. The tube and shell assembly provides better heat transfer by transfer of heat through the temperature gradient across the tube (3) wall. The shell fluid (8) can be cold or hot as required depending on whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. The reactants are passed through the inlet (6) and allowed to mix and react in the tube (3), the mixing and reaction is facilitated by flexible turbulator and the final product is received through the outlet. The process can be repeated to achieve desired final product. Progress of the reaction is measured by thermal sensors present inside the reactor. The data is processed through a highly specialized computer software and output about progress of reaction is monitored.

Reactor for the high-pressure non-catalytic synthesis of melamine from urea, comprising coaxial inner reaction zone (6) and outer reaction zone (7) wherein a crude melamine is formed in the inner reaction zone and contacted with gaseous ammonia for stripping in the outer reaction zone, wherein a gaseous phase liberated in the outer zone is collected in a gas collection chamber (12) above the reaction zones, wherein the crude melamine melt is transferred from the inner zone into the outer zone via a submerged liquid passage below the liquid level to provide a liquid seal between the chambers.

A device for the descending flow of a hydrocarbon-containing liquid containing solid particles at the bottom of an item of equipment (1) and a process for the conversion of hydrocarbon-containing feedstocks implementing said device.

Equipment for preparing a polymer solution of a non-ionic, cationic, anionic or amphoteric polymer by reaction between a compound including at least one aldehyde function and at least one base polymer aqueous solution having at least one non-ionic monomer includes a reactor provided with a stirring system, as well as a recirculation loop including between the outlet of the reactor and the inlet of the reactor, a recirculation pump, a pH measuring probe, and a pressure differential in-line measuring device in the form of a calibrated tube configured to measure the pressure difference of the polymer solution between the inlet and the outlet of the calibrated tube, the calibrated tube being branched on the recirculation loop.

A high-pressure polymerization system having a) a polymerization reactor and b) a reactor blow down system having b1) a reactor blow down vessel, having a circular design over a major portion P having a L/D-ratio in the range from 1.75 to 10.0 and containing an aqueous quenching medium, b2) a release line connecting the polymerization reactor with the reactor blow down vessel and having an outlet located above a maximum level for the aqueous quenching medium, b3) a first emergency valve in the release line to open and close fluid communication between the polymerization reactor and the reactor blow down system, and wherein the release line outlet has a joining piece having an angle (a) between the central axis and a tangent at the reactor blow down vessel in the range from 5° to 70° and the reactor blow down vessel has a vent stack containing a constricted section.