A reactor shell for producing olefins via steam cracking from a fed reactive mixture stream composed of steam and hydrocarbons comprising: at least one reactive stream duct formed within said reactor shell, at least one structured ceramic bed having a plurality of hollow flow paths, at least one electrical resistance heating element for heating the reactive mixture stream up to a predetermined reaction temperature and a coating provided on a surface contacting with the reactive mixture stream is provided. The reactor shell is characterized by that said electrical resistance heating element that is arranged inside at least some of said hollow flow paths in a manner that there still remains a flowing passage inside the hollow flow paths.

A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube is provided. The method may include inserting a catalyst into the outer tube and inserting the inner tube through the catalyst. The method may further include radially expanding the inner tube against the catalyst.

Reverse flow reactor (RFR) apparatuses exhibiting asymmetric feed profiles and improved flow distribution during heating mode and/or pyrolysis mode operation, and methods of using same to transform a hydrocarbon feed into a pyrolysed hydrocarbon product are disclosed. The RFR apparatus includes an RFR body with a reaction zone having at least one bed. The RFR body has a central vertical axis and is flanked by first and second void spaces. The method utilizes at least two oxygen-containing feeds, a combustion fuel feed, a purge feed, and a hydrocarbon pyrolysis feed. The RFR apparatus can cycle between an exothermic heating mode (heated to ≥700° C. while maintaining a pressure drop across the reaction zone of ≤100 kPag), a purge mode (purging oxygen using <6 bed volumes of purge gas while maintaining a pressure drop of ≤35 kPag), and an endothermic pyrolysis mode (feeding pyrolysis hydrocarbons through the reaction zone to form pyrolysis products, while maintaining a pressure drop across the reaction zone of ≤70 kPag).

The present invention relates to different liquid distributors for monolith in multiphase applications. The present invention more particularly relates to distributor devices in the form of a single injection and multiple injection pipe distributors; shower head distributor comprising a plurality of holes for plunging liquid; a packing of spherical particles with a pre-distributor to split the liquid into manifold streams, before entry into the monolith bed. The present invention provides liquid distributors for monolith in multiphase applications providing improved liquid distribution into the monolith bed resulting in uniform fluid flow in each channel so as to make maximum use of the catalyst surface area.

A process including introducing, into a device, an aqueous fluid containing at least one inorganic salt, the water of the aqueous fluid being in supercritical conditions or close to the supercritical range in the device, and measuring the concentration or the amount of inorganic salt in the device, this measurement preferably being carried out before the entry of the inorganic salt into the device, Then bringing the inorganic salt into contact with an aqueous flow containing at least one hydroxide salt to obtain in the device an aqueous fluid mixture containing an inorganic salt and a hydroxide salt and adjusting the concentration or amount of the hydroxide salt as a function of the concentration or amount of the inorganic salt needed to at least partially solubilize the inorganic salt. Preferably the measurement of the concentration or the amount of inorganic salt leaving the device is also performed.

In a process as disclosed according to the present invention, gases or gas mixtures used to form a reactant mixture in an at least temporarily ignitable composition are fed into a mixing chamber (11) through the passages (131) in a boundary wall (13) of the mixing chamber (11) and by means of one or more feed conduits (14) which have feed orifices (141) and extend into the mixing chamber (11), respectively. The present invention likewise provides a corresponding reactor (1).

A steam methane reformer (SMR) system includes an outer tube, wherein a first end of the outer tube is closed; an inner tube disposed in the outer tube, wherein a first end of the inner tube is open. A flow channel is defined within the inner tube and an annular space is defined between the outer tube and the inner tube, the flow channel being in fluid communication with the annular space. The SMR system includes a catalytic foam disposed in the annular space between the outer tube and the inner tube, the catalytic foam comprising a catalyst.

A method for producing hydrogen includes flowing a first gas along a bayonet flow path of a steam methane reformer (SMR) to produce a first product, including flowing the first gas through a foam disposed along the bayonet flow path; providing the first product produced in the SMR to an input of a water gas shift (WGS) reaction channel defined within a reaction tube of a WGS reactor; and flowing a second gas including the first product through the WGS reaction channel to produce a second product. Flowing the second gas includes flowing the second gas across a heat transfer material disposed in the WGS reaction channel to reduce the temperature of the flowing second gas; and flowing the second gas across a WGS catalyst disposed in the reaction channel.

A naphtha reforming reactor system comprising a first reactor comprising a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the first reactor is configured to operate as an adiabatic reactor, and wherein the first reactor comprises a first naphtha reforming catalyst; and a second reactor comprising a second inlet and a second outlet, wherein the second inlet is in fluid communication with the first outlet of the first reactor, wherein the second reactor is configured to operate as an isothermal reactor, and wherein the second reactor comprises a plurality of tubes disposed within a reactor furnace, a heat source configured to heat the interior of the reactor furnace; and a second naphtha reforming catalyst disposed within the plurality of tubes, wherein the first naphtha reforming catalyst and the second naphtha reforming catalyst are the same or different.

Reverse flow reactor (RFR) apparatuses exhibiting asymmetric feed profiles and improved flow distribution during heating mode and/or pyrolysis mode operation, and methods of using same to transform a hydrocarbon feed into a pyrolysed hydrocarbon product are disclosed. The RFR apparatus includes an RFR body with a reaction zone having at least one bed. The RFR body has a central vertical axis and is flanked by first and second void spaces. The method utilizes at least two oxygen-containing feeds, a combustion fuel feed, a purge feed, and a hydrocarbon pyrolysis feed. The RFR apparatus can cycle between an exothermic heating mode (heated to ≥700° C. while maintaining a pressure drop across the reaction zone of ≤100 kPag), a purge mode (purging oxygen using <6 bed volumes of purge gas while maintaining a pressure drop of ≤35 kPag), and an endothermic pyrolysis mode (feeding pyrolysis hydrocarbons through the reaction zone to form pyrolysis products, while maintaining a pressure drop across the reaction zone of ≤70 kPag).