Apparatus for producing fine particles having a particle formation mechanism and a particle-outlet micro-channel may include a unit-structure including first and second portions adjacent to each other; and a first inlet defined in the first portion at a first height. A continuous phase solution is injected into the first inlet; and a second inlet is defined in the first portion at a second height different from the second height. A dispersed phase solution is injected into the second inlet. A merging volume is defined in the second portion and is defined at third height equal to either the first height and the second height, or has a value therebetween. The continuous phase solution and the dispersed phase solution are merged in the merging volume, wherein fine particles are formed. A first micro-channel and a second micro-channel branching from the merging volume communicates with the first inlet and the second inlet, respectively.

The present disclosure provides an apparatus for producing fine particles, the apparatus comprising: a particle formation mechanism and a particle-outlet micro-channel. The particle formation mechanism may include a unit-structure, wherein the unit-structure includes: first and second portions adjacent to each other; a first inlet defined in the first portion at a first height, wherein a continuous phase solution is injected into the first inlet; a second inlet defined in the first portion at a second height different from the second height, wherein a dispersed phase solution is injected into the second inlet; a merging volume defined in the second portion adjacent to the first portion, wherein the merging volume is defined at third height, wherein the third height is equal to either the first height and the second height, or has a value between the first height and the second height, wherein the continuous phase solution and the dispersed phase solution are merged in the merging volume, wherein fine particles are formed via the merging between the continuous phase solution and the dispersed phase solution in the merging volume; and a first micro-channel and a second micro-channel branching from the merging volume so as to be in communication with the first inlet and the second inlet, respectively.

Systems and methods for industrial tower packing using a high-energy laser surface processing technique are disclosed. The system includes a tower, a high-energy laser, a plurality of packing materials, and micro-sized or nano-sized structures on a packing material. The high-energy laser surface processing technique creates microscale structures that allow for high surface wettability. The high-energy laser creates micro-sized or nano-sized structures on a plurality of packing materials surfaces. The packing materials may be provided in industrial columns. The packing materials may be various shapes and sizes comprising various structures ablated into a surface of the packing materials to generate high surface area contact between a downward-flowing liquid and an upward-flowing gas. The use of a high-energy laser surface processing results in favorable super-wettable column packing material and geometry.

Systems and methods for industrial tower packing using a high-energy laser surface processing technique are disclosed. The system includes a tower, a high-energy laser, a plurality of packing materials, and micro-sized or nano-sized structures on a packing material. The high-energy laser surface processing technique creates microscale structures that allow for high surface wettability. The high-energy laser creates micro-sized or nano-sized structures on a plurality of packing materials surfaces. The packing materials may be provided in industrial columns. The packing materials may be various shapes and sizes comprising various structures ablated into a surface of the packing materials to generate high surface area contact between a downward-flowing liquid and an upward-flowing gas. The use of a high-energy laser surface processing results in favorable super-wettable column packing material and geometry.