Described here is a free-standing composite particle with a large surface area. The particle is capable of adsorbing heavy metal contaminants from water. The particle itself is comprised of a granular activated carbon particle to which are attached one or more carbon nanotubes, the combination of which is covered by at least a partial thin film of polydopamine or other polymeric material derived from dopamine-like compounds. The composite particles are mixed with contaminated water, after which the water and particle mixture is injected into a hydrocyclone separator specifically designed for use with the composite particle. The hydrocyclone separator removes the particles from the water, allowing the particles holding the contaminants to be extracted for treatment, while the purified water flows out of the separator for reuse. The separated particles can be treated to remove all the adsorbed contaminants, after which the reclaimed particles may be reused.

To provide a material capable of adsorbing lead from water with a pH of 8 or more. A porous body of a titanium-containing compound, which has a bulk specific gravity of 0.4 g/cm.sup.3 or less, is used as an adsorbent.

Nanocomposite materials are described herein which, in some embodiments, are employed as separation media for removal of various contaminants from water sources, including heavy metals, PFAS and/or NOM. In some embodiments, a nanocomposite material comprises oligomeric chains or polymeric chains covalently attached to surfaces of fluorographite at sites of defluorination. In another aspect, nanocomposite materials based on cellulose nanofibers are described herein. In some embodiments, a nanocomposite material comprises oligomeric chains or polymeric chains covalently attached to surfaces of cellulose nanofibers.

Modular Hg analysis devices and methods are described for use in mercury speciation protocols. Modules can be selected and removably connected to one another to specifically target mercury species in a sample so as to accurately determine the presence or quantity of different mercury species in a fluid sample. Modules can include reductants for reducing inorganic mercury to form elemental mercury and amalgamation agents to capture the elemental mercury. Modules can include filters for capture of particulates as well as capture agents, e.g., solid phase extraction agents, for capture of organic mercury species.

Providing a surface molecularly imprinted magnetic nanomaterial of salvianolic acid A, a preparation method therefor and use thereof. The nanomaterial is obtained by using ferroferric oxide nanoparticles as a core, salvianolic acid A as a template molecule, 4-acryloyloxy phenylboronic acid, vinyl imidazole and methacryloylpropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride as copolymerization functional monomers, bismethylene acrylamide as a cross-linking agent, and azoamidine initiator V50 as an initiator, synthesizing surface imprinted magnetic material containing template molecules by surface polymerization, and finally eluting the template molecule with 0.1 M HCl. It is a spherical particle with a core-shell structure of about 250 nm, with positive charge on the surface and strong hydrophilicity, which can be recycled. Moreover, this magnetic material is easy to be separated by a magnet. The surface molecularly imprinted magnetic nanomaterial prepared by the present application can be used for rapid, large-capacity and high-selectivity separation and enrichment of salvianolic acid A.

An ammonia-based multi-zone double-loop process for ultra-low emission of multi-pollutant. From an absorption tower inlet, the flue gas successively passes through cooling concentration crystallization, sulfur oxide absorption, water washing and purifying and dust and mist removing zones, which are separated by gas permeable liquid collecting plates, forming clean flue gas and discharged from an outlet. The cooling concentration crystallization zone, the sulfur oxide absorption zone, and the water washing and purifying zone are respectively provided with a plurality of sprayers, and respectively use a concentration liquid, an absorption liquid, and a water washing liquid as spraying liquids. The absorption, concentration and water washing liquids, after converging respectively, into absorption, concentration crystallization and water washing circulation tanks, the absorption, concentration and water washing liquids, respectively, are sprayed in a circulating manner through absorption, concentration and water washing pumps.

The present disclosure provides methods for conducting chemical reactions and for conducting a multi-step chemical reactions using swellable organically modified silica (SOMS) as nanoreactors.

[Problems] To provide a column-use adsorbent having an excellent balance of adsorption capacity and durability, and an adsorption apparatus.

[Means to solve problems] A column-use adsorbent made of powder of a porous particle group of hydroxyapatite or fluoroapatite formed by replacing at least part of a hydroxyl group of hydroxyapatite with fluorine atom, the porous particle group being a group of a plurality of porous particles having different particle sizes, the porous particle group meeting the condition of D.sub.Av×45/100≤D.sub.10≤D.sub.Av×75/100, in which D.sub.Av (μm) is an average particle size, and D.sub.10 (μm) is a particle size at which a cumulative volume of the porous particles from the small size side based on a particle size distribution is 10%.

A selective metamaterial absorber and method for fabricating the same is disclosed. The method includes deposing a first metal layer on a first surface of a substrate and on a plurality of nanowires extending outward from the first surface of the substrate, the plurality of nanowires forming an array on the first surface, the substrate further including a second surface opposite the first surface. The first metal layer may be deposed using conformally sputtering. The substrate and the plurality of nanowires may be composed of silicon, and the first metal layer may be composed of tungsten. The first metal layer may be composed of a material having a penetration depth for a wavelength range of interest. The first metal layer may be at least three times thicker than the penetration depth.

A degradable adsorbent includes a porous degradable polymeric substrate, and nanoparticles bound to the porous degradable polymeric substrate. A method for removing an impurity from a fluid includes immersing a degradable adsorbent in the fluid containing the impurity, adsorbing the impurities in the degradable adsorbent, and disintegrating the degradable adsorbent in an aqueous solvent to produce a mixture containing the aqueous solvent, a degraded substrate and the impurity.