The present description provides structures, atomic layer deposition methods for preparing the structures, and an apparatus preparing the structures. The described structures provide unexpected advantages as compared to currently available materials.

The disclosure provides sorbents and sorbents that improve the adsorption of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The sorbents and sorbents have microstructures that efficiently adsorb PFAS, as shown by the combination of high volumetric iodine number and high volumetric molasses number. Methods of manufacturing and methods of use are further provided.

The present invention relates in part to a lignin composition and a method of fabricating a lignin composition. The invention also relates in part to a method of using a lignin composition to adsorb onto a petrochemical oil comprising the steps of providing a solution of lignin in an alcohol, providing an oil on a liquid surface, contacting the oil with the solution of lignin in an alcohol, adsorbing the lignin to the oil, and removing the adsorbed oil from the surface of the liquid.

The present invention relates to bio-based carbon foams, a method for their manufacturing and their use. The method comprises foaming a slurry of cellulose fibres and a biomass component to obtain a biomass-cellulose fibre foam, and carbonization of said biomass-cellulose fibre foam.

The present invention relates to bio-based carbon foams, a method for their manufacturing and their use. The method comprises foaming a slurry of cellulose fibres to obtain a cellulose fibre foam, adding a biomass component to the foam, and carbonization of the biomass-cellulose fibre foam.

Disclosed herein are dual-form particulate carbonaceous sorbent compositions and methods of using such compositions to treat contaminated aquatic sediments. The dual-form particulate carbonaceous sorbent compositions may be deposited on a contaminated aquatic sediment in granular form to form an active barrier capping layer on the surface of the contaminated sediment, but then the sorbent composition undergoes particle size attrition within the active barrier capping layer thereby improving the adsorption kinetics and/or capacity of the sorbent material.

The invention discloses a humic acid type adsorption material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The humic acid type adsorption material is prepared by taking carboxymethyl cellulose or salts thereof, humate and montmorillonite as raw materials and adding a monomer, a cross-linking agent and an initiator through aqueous solution polymerization. The synthesized porous material is great in specific surface area, can quickly get close to water molecules in water to form hydrogen bonds, and finally achieves the purpose of removing organic dye pollutants through electrostatic attraction effect with dye molecules. The humic acid type adsorption material is low in raw material price, is simple in synthesis process, and is green and environmentally friendly.

The invention discloses a humic acid type adsorption material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The humic acid type adsorption material is prepared by taking carboxymethyl cellulose or salts thereof, humate and montmorillonite as raw materials and adding a monomer, a cross-linking agent and an initiator through aqueous solution polymerization. The synthesized porous material is great in specific surface area, can quickly get close to water molecules in water to form hydrogen bonds, and finally achieves the purpose of removing organic dye pollutants through electrostatic attraction effect with dye molecules. The humic acid type adsorption material is low in raw material price, is simple in synthesis process, and is green and environmentally friendly.

The present disclosure provides methods whereby products can be prepared in a manner that adds value to the products beyond the market value of such products, and the present disclosure further provides methods for optimizing production of products toward processes that yield a positive net result. The methods for preparing a product can utilize a synthesized oxide compound and, depending upon the order of combination, can modify the synthesized oxide compound by combination with both of carbon dioxide and a secondary component.

The present invention relates in part to a lignin composition and a method of fabricating a lignin composition. The invention also relates in part to a method of using a lignin composition to adsorb onto a petrochemical oil comprising the steps of providing a solution of lignin in an alcohol, providing an oil on a liquid surface, contacting the oil with the solution of lignin in an alcohol, adsorbing the lignin to the oil, and removing the adsorbed oil from the surface of the liquid.