A manufacturing process that includes spray-drying a liquid composition based on liquid residues derived from a chemical extraction of clinker to form a material with a high specific surface area. Also, a material based on clinker residues having a high specific surface area ranging from 200 m.sup.2.g.sup.−1 to 900 m.sup.2.g.sup.−1 and a mesopore size ranging from 2 nm to 50 nm. Further, the use of a material having a high specific surface area for the absorption of pollutants species.

A method of using a pelletized composition for liquid solidification and moisture retention includes the steps of: Providing a pelletized absorption material having i) at least 60% by weight agricultural fibers; and ii) 0.1-20% by weight superabsorbent polymer, wherein the pellets are substantially uniform and have a density of less than 40 LBS/Cubic Foot; and Blending the pelletized absorption material with one of i) Sludge, ii) Landfill leachate; iii) material used in hydroseeding; iv) grass seeds, fertilizer, and/or mulch to form a soil amendment; v) settling pond; and vi) wastewater streams.

A multi-functional hybrid material based on natural clays for environmental bio-remediation and recover), is disclosed. In particular, the invention discloses the design and development of appropriately functionalized nanohybrid materials starting from nanostructured clays and the subsequent study of the absorbent properties in relation to hydrocarbons, heavy metals, chemical pollutants, oils, particulate, and microplastics. These nanomaterials were prepared in order to remove the hydrocarbon pollutants (for example oil) and metal pollutants in natural matrices (marine environment), with potential applications in the field of environmental remediation.

This disclosure provides a method of making a high-fixed-carbon material comprising pyrolyzing biomass to generate intermediate solids and a pyrolysis vapor; condensing the pyrolysis vapor to generate pyrolysis liquid; blending the pyrolysis liquid with the intermediate solids, to generate a mixture; and further pyrolyzing the mixture to generate a high-fixed-carbon material. A process can comprise: pyrolyzing a biomass-comprising feedstock in a first pyrolysis reactor to generate a first biogenic reagent and a first pyrolysis vapor; introducing the first pyrolysis vapor to a condensing system to generate a condenser liquid; contacting the first biogenic reagent with the condenser liquid, thereby generating an intermediate material; further pyrolyzing the intermediate material in a second pyrolysis reactor to generate a second biogenic reagent and a second pyrolysis vapor; and recovering the second biogenic reagent as a high-yield biocarbon composition. The process can further comprise pelletizing the intermediate material. Many process and system configurations are disclosed.

There is described a particulate carbon adsorbent comprising 60 to 90% by wt carbon, wherein the particulate carbon adsorbent is a fibrous pyrolysis product of an organic fraction of waste screenings, and wherein the fibrous pyrolysis product predominantly comprises fibres having a diameter in the range about 10-40 μm and a length in the range about 50-500 μm. A method of manufacture is also described. The particulate carbon adsorbent is useful in of odour prevention in wastewater treatment and other wastewater processes.

The invention is directed to an adsorbent comprising: a) 20-30% porous carbon with incorporated organic nitrogen species; and b) 70-80% inorganic matter. The invention is directed to a method of making an adsorbent which comprises: a) thermally drying dewatered sewage sludge to form granulated organic fertilizer; and b) pyrolyzing said the organic fertilizer at temperatures between 600 and 1000° C. The invention is additionally directed to the process of removing acidic gases from wet air streams comprising putting an adsorbent in contact with the wet air stream and allowing the adsorbent to adsorb the acidic gases.

A malic acid and KMnO4-based combined and modified cow dung biogas residue hydrochar preparation method, comprising: mixing a cow dung biogas residue with malic acid, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain a malic acid modified cow dung biogas residue; performing a hydrothermal reaction with KMnO4 in a high-temperature high-pressure reactor to obtain a combined and modified cow dung biogas residue hydrochar material.

Industrial waste derived adsorbents were obtained by pyrolysis of sewage sludge, metal sludge, waste oil sludge and tobacco waste in some combination. The materials were used as media to remove hydrogen sulfide at room temperature in the presence of moisture. The initial and exhausted adsorbents after the breakthrough tests were characterized using sorption of nitrogen, thermal analysis, XRD, ICP, and surface pH measurements. Mixing tobacco and sludges result in a strong synergy enhancing the catalytic properties of adsorbents. During pyrolysis new mineral phases are formed as a result of solid state reaction between the components of the sludges. High temperature of pyrolysis is beneficial for the adsorbents due to the enhanced activation of carbonaceous phase and chemical stabilization of inorganic phase. Samples obtained at low temperature are sensitive to water, which deactivates their catalytic centers.

Calcium silicate hydrate nanoparticles are combined with ammonia control materials (e.g. alum, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and/or sodium bisulfate) to create a phosphorus-binding composition. In the preferred embodiment, the composition is applied to poultry litter, poultry bedding or other non-aqueous substrates that are at least partially comprised of animal manure. The composition binds with phosphorus to at least reduce the amount of phosphorus in runoff water or in leachate from fields fertilized with treated manure. The combining of the calcium silicate hydrate nanoparticles with the ammonia control products has a surprising and unexpected result. The calcium silicate hydrate-ammonia control material mix reduces soluble phosphorus more than either component of the mix alone.

The invention relates to a co-pyrolyzed sludge biochar modified by lanthanum carbonate, a preparation method and a use thereof. The method comprises: adding a co-pyrolyzed sludge biochar into a metal salt solution of lanthanum ions, heating and adding a carbonate solution until the pH is 8 to 9, and standing still at a constant temperature, and separating to obtain a co-pyrolyzed sludge biochar modified by lanthanum carbonate, the sludge biochar is prepared by co-pyrolysis of sludge and bamboo. The co-pyrolyzed sludge biochar modified by lanthanum carbonate prepared by the present invention can effectively adsorb and remove phosphate in water due to containing the lanthanum carbonate with strong affinity for anions and a larger specific surface area.