Processes for the direct alkylation of ethylene with isobutane or isopentane using a highly active ionic liquid alkylation catalyst are described. Ethylene is sent to a high-temperature alkylation reactor loop, and C.sub.3, C.sub.4, and C.sub.5 olefins are routed to a low temperature alkylation reactor loop. In each reactor, the olefins are contacted with an excess of isobutane or isopentane in the presence of a highly active ionic liquid catalyst. Portions of the reactor effluent streams are fed to a common downstream catalyst separation and product fractionation sections. The remainder of the reactor effluent is recycled back to the respective alkylation reactor.

Processes for the direct alkylation of ethylene with isobutane or isopentane using a highly active ionic liquid alkylation catalyst are described. Ethylene is sent to a high-temperature alkylation reactor loop, and C.sub.3, C.sub.4, and C.sub.5 olefins are routed to a low temperature alkylation reactor loop. In each reactor, the olefins are contacted with an excess of isobutane or isopentane in the presence of a highly active ionic liquid catalyst. Portions of the reactor effluent streams are fed to a common downstream catalyst separation and product fractionation sections. The remainder of the reactor effluent is recycled back to the respective alkylation reactor.

Provided are a fouling inhibitor and a method of oligomerizing an olefin using the same. More particularly, in the method of oligomerizing an olefin, it is possible to minimize a total amount of polymers produced during a reaction and basically inhibit fouling of the polymers produced during the reaction onto an inner wall of a reactor by injecting a predetermined fouling inhibitor.

Pharmaceutical and chemical intermediates and related chemistry providing a green preparation method for quinoline compounds. N-Substituted arylamine derivatives as raw material react with arylacetylene or arylethylene derivatives for 24 hours at 80 C.-160 C. in the presence of Brnsted acid catalyst and oxidant without solvent, to obtain quinoline compounds. Beneficial characteristics include convenient operation, mild reaction conditions, environmentally friendly property and possibility of realizing industrialization, and provides the quinoline compounds in high yields. The quinoline compounds synthesized by this method can be further functionalized into various compounds which have potential applications in development and research of natural products, functional materials and fine chemicals.

Pharmaceutical and chemical intermediates and related chemistry providing a green preparation method for quinoline compounds. N-Substituted arylamine derivatives as raw material react with arylacetylene or arylethylene derivatives for 24 hours at 80 C.-160 C. in the presence of Brnsted acid catalyst and oxidant without solvent, to obtain quinoline compounds. Beneficial characteristics include convenient operation, mild reaction conditions, environmentally friendly property and possibility of realizing industrialization, and provides the quinoline compounds in high yields. The quinoline compounds synthesized by this method can be further functionalized into various compounds which have potential applications in development and research of natural products, functional materials and fine chemicals.

Provided are a fouling inhibitor and a method of oligomerizing an olefin using the same. More particularly, in the method of oligomerizing an olefin, it is possible to minimize a total amount of polymers produced during a reaction and basically inhibit fouling of the polymers produced during the reaction onto an inner wall of a reactor by injecting a predetermined fouling inhibitor.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass a composition comprising one or more of polycyclic olefinic monomers of formula (I) and one or more monomers of formula (III) for forming anion exchange membrane optionally in combination with one or more monomers of formula (II). The composition undergoes mass vinyl addition polymerization either under thermal or photolytic conditions and can be formed into ionomers on a suitable membrane support. The membrane supports thus formed are suitable as anion exchange membranes for fabricating a variety of electrochemical devices, among others. More specifically, the ionomeric membranes are formed on a variety of supports which contains a variety of quaternized amino functionalized norbornene monomeric units which are lightly crosslinked (less than five mol %). The membranes so formed exhibit very high ionic conductivity of up to 280 mS/cm at 80? C. The electrochemical devices made in accordance of this invention are useful as fuel cells, gas separators, and the like.

The present invention is directed to processes for catalyzing two or more chemical reactions with a multifunctional catalyst in a reaction vessel. The processes include steps for introducing one or more reagents to a reaction vessel containing a multifunctional catalyst; contacting the one or more reagents with a first portion of the multifunctional catalyst to produce an intermediate; contacting the intermediate with a second portion of the multifunctional catalyst to produce a product; and removing the product from the reaction vessel. In certain embodiments, the multifunctional catalyst may have a first portion with carbonylation functionality for catalyzing the production of a beta-lactone intermediate from an epoxide reagent and a carbon monoxide reagent. In certain embodiments, the multifunctional catalyst may have a second portion with a functionality suitable for polymerization, co-polymerization, and/or modification of a beta-lactone intermediate. In preferred embodiments, the first portion and second portion are bonded to a heterogenous support.

A catalyst, which is obtained by mixing a compound expressed by the following Structural Formula (1), a nitroalkane compound, a neodymium-containing compound, a sodium-containing compound, and a carbon structure: ##STR00001##

Disclosed are a process for preparing branched allyl compounds with an unsymmetrical 1,1-disubstituted alkene, and compounds prepared therewith.