Provided is a method for producing a cyclic olefin compound, including a step of producing a cyclic olefin compound by acting a divalent nickel complex represented by General Formula (1) to decarbonylate and decarboxylate an alicyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydride, in which the divalent nickel complex includes at least one specific anionic ligand Y.

Ni(Y).sub.m(L).sub.n  (1) (here, Ni is divalent nickel, Y is an anionic monodentate or polydentate ligand and has at least one Ni-E covalent bond, E is a heteroatom or a π-bonding group, m is 1 or 2, L is a neutral ligand, and n is a real number of 0 to 6)

Disclosed is catalyst composition, a process for preparing the catalyst composition, and a use of the catalyst composition. The catalyst composition comprises 1 wt % to 4 wt % of free azacarbene, 1 wt % to 2 wt % of azacarbene iron, 15 wt % to 30 wt % of a phase transfer catalyst, 1 wt % to 5 wt % of a hydrogen donor, 5 wt % to 10 wt % of phosphoric acid, 0.5 wt % to 1 wt % of emulsifier, with the rest being solvent. This disclosure also provides a process for preparing the catalyst composition, comprising: mixing the free azacarbene and the azacarbene iron with the solvent according to a ratio, then adding and mixing the phase transfer catalyst and the hydrogen donor, then adding and mixing the phosphoric acid and the emulsifier to obtain the catalyst composition. The beneficial effect of this disclosure is: only less azacarbene iron and free azacarbene are needed to achieve rapid and efficient viscosity reduction of heavy oil.

Embodiments of the present invention relates to integrated catalyst systems and associated processes that directly converts carbon dioxide or carbohydrate to CO, methane, or other valuable chemicals at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, requiring no extra energy. The integrated catalyst systems are comprised of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds and at least two metal elements, wherein one metal element needs to be active than the other one. The integrated catalyst systems can be applied to reduce carbon dioxide and carbohydrate at room temperature with considerable conversion efficiency. The reduction process involves the steps of: a) nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds performance as solvent/major catalyst, dual component as reducing agent / co-catalyst; b) introducing the above integrated catalysts into the reactor full of CO.sub.2 or carbohydrate, and keeping stirring the reacting system for 1 to 4 hours, without any illumination or heating; c) CO, methane, or other reduction product is achieved with a conversion efficiency of about 100%; d) the reduction products are gases, which can be directly separated from the system without any additional separation process or involving additional chemicals.

This disclosure relates to synthetic coupling methods using catalytic molecules. In certain embodiments, the catalytic molecules comprise heterocyclic thiolamide, S-acylthiosalicylamide, disulfide, selenium containing heterocycle, diselenide compound, ditelluride compound or tellurium containing heterocycle. Catalytic molecules disclosed herein are useful as catalysts in the transformation of hydroxy group containing compounds to amides, esters, ketones, and other carbon to heteroatom or carbon to carbon transformations

In one embodiment, the present application discloses a catalyst composition comprising: a) a reaction solvent or a reaction medium; b) organometallic nanoparticles comprising: i) a nanoparticle (NP) catalyst, prepared by a reduction of an iron salt in an organic solvent, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os or mixtures thereof; c) a ligand; and d) a surfactant; wherein the metal or mixtures thereof is present in less than or equal to 50,000 ppm relative to the iron salt.

A reaction system and method for removing heteroatoms from oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon streams and products derived therefrom are disclosed. An oxidized-heteroatom-containing hydrocarbon feed is reacted in a reaction system thereby forming non-ionic hydrocarbon products. The products derived therefrom are useful as transportation fuels, lubricants, refinery intermediates, or refinery feeds.

This invention relates to a carrier for immobilizing a biocatalyst including a Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 yolk-shell structure, to an immobilized enzyme using the carrier, and to realizing an increase in the stability of the enzyme and stability in organic solvents by cross-linking the enzyme. According to this invention, the carrier for immobilizing a biocatalyst and the enzyme immobilized thereon can be reused, have increased stability, facilitate the control of reactivity, pH, and temperature, and can be widely useful in various biochemical engineering industries.

Disclosed are methods for the preparation of ligands for complexes, methods for preparing complexes and complexes having those ligands. Also provided is the use of a complex as a catalyst in a method of synthesis.

The present invention relates to air stable, binary Ni(0)-olefin complexes and their use in organic synthesis.

A method for preparing the borate ester using a lithium compound includes: under the inert gas, stirring and mixing carboxylic acid and borane, and a catalyst lithium compound is added, then the borate ester is obtained with hydroboration; wherein the hydroboration is at room temperature for 10 to 80 min. After the hydroboration and is stopped by contacting air, the solvent is removed under reduced pressure, to obtain the borate esters with different substituents. The lithium compounds are n-butyl lithium, lithium aniline, p-methyl lithium aniline, o-methyl lithium aniline, 2-methoxyaniline lithium, 4-methoxyaniline lithium, 2,6-dimethylaniline lithium, and 2,6-diisopropylaniline lithium. The lithium compounds disclosed in the present invention can catalyze the boron hydrogenation reaction of carboxylic acid and borane with high activity under room temperature conditions; the amount of lithium compound is 0.1-0.9% of the molar amount of carboxylic acid.