Disclosed are catalyst compositions comprising two or more metal elements with high performances for selective alkyl-demethylation of C2+-hydrocarbyl-substituted aromatics, processes for making such catalyst compositions, and alkyl-demethylation processes using same. Also disclosed are preferred processes for making alkyl-demethylation catalyst compositions including a high-temperature calcination step, and preferred alkyl-demethylation processes having a high H.sub.2/HC molar ratio.

Described herein are novel methods of synthesizing (3-chloro-2-pyridyl)hydrazine. Compounds prepared by the methods disclosed herein are useful for preparation of certain anthranilamide compounds that are of interest as insecticides, such as, for example, the insecticides chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole.

A method for ambient-temperature synthesis of a catalyst for water electrolysis by dissolving an amount of an Fe.sup.2+ source and optionally an amount of a salt of another divalent cation in deionized water at ambient temperature to form a solution, placing nickel (Ni) foam into the solution, whereby the Ni foam serves as a substrate and/or a Ni source for growth of the catalyst, leaving the Ni foam in the solution at ambient temperature for a time duration in a range of from about 0.5 hour to about 4 hours to provide a treated foam, during which time duration, the catalyst is grown on the substrate, and removing the treated foam from the solution after the time duration, wherein the treated foam comprises the catalyst grown thereon.

Cu.sub.y/MMgO.sub.x interfacial catalyst for selective alkyne hydrogenation and its preparation method are disclosed. The preparation method of the catalyst includes: the mixture of salt and alkali solution is nucleated momentarily by nucleation/crystallization isolation method, preparing the composite metal hydroxide Cu.sub.yMMg.sub.4-LDHs as precursor, which has typical hexagonal morphology of the double hydroxide; the precursor is topologically transformed by heat treatment to produce unsaturated oxide; the catalyst with Cu.sub.y-MMgO.sub.x interface structure is prepared by separating and electronically modifying Cu particles. By adjusting the ratio of Cu.sup.2+/M.sup.3+ in LDHs, the electronic and geometric structure of Cu.sub.y-MMgO.sub.x interface can be flexibly controlled, thus enhancing the reaction activity, product selectivity and stability. The catalyst can be used in the selective hydrogenation of various alkynes in the fields of petrochemical and fine chemical industry, with the outstanding catalytic activity and C═C double bond selectivity. The catalyst also has good reusability.

A catalyst molded body, a production method thereof and a method for preparing cyclic ketone using the same, including: (a) producing a mixed powder including a catalyst powder and a binder; (b) producing a slurry by mixing an aqueous alkali hydroxide solution with the mixed powder; and obtaining a catalyst molded body by molding and heat-treating the slurry.

A layered double hydroxide is represented by the following formula (I): Ni.sup.2+.sub.1−(x+y+z)Fe.sup.3+.sub.xV.sup.3+.sub.yCo.sup.3+.sub.z(OH).sub.2A.sup.n−.sub.(x+y+z)/n.Math.mH.sub.2O . . . (I). In one embodiment, in the formula (I), (x+y+z) is from 0.2 to 0.5, “x” represents more than 0 and 0.3 or less, “y” represents from 0.04 to 0.49, and “z” represents more than 0 and 0.2 or less.

Disclosed are a P—N heterojunction composite material supported on the surface of nickel foam, a preparation method therefor and the application thereof. The composite material is a supported catalyst which can be used to remove pollutants in water by means of photoelectrocatalysis. The method comprises firstly modifying, by means of a hydrothermal method, a layered nickel-iron bimetallic hydroxide nanosheet on the surface of clean nickel foam, and then modifying cobalt oxide nanowires on the surface of the layered nickel-iron bimetallic hydroxide nanosheet by means of a mixed solvent-thermal method, so as to obtain a P—N heterojunction catalyst composite material supported on the surface of nickel foam (Ni foam@NiFe-LDH/Co.sub.3O.sub.4). The composite material has a good response to visible light, which can greatly enhance the absorption and utilization of light, and is further beneficial to enhance the performance of the catalyst.

A process for producing a hydrogen-rich gas stream from a liquid hydrocarbon stream, the process comprising the steps of introducing the liquid hydrocarbon stream to a dual catalytic zone, the liquid hydrocarbon stream comprises liquid hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of liquid petroleum gas (LPG), light naphtha, heavy naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and combinations of the same, the dual catalytic zone comprises: a combustion zone comprising a seven component catalyst, and a steam reforming zone, the steam reforming zone comprising a steam reforming catalyst; introducing steam to the dual catalytic zone, introducing an oxygen-rich gas to the dual catalytic zone; contacting the liquid hydrocarbon stream, steam, and oxygen-rich gas with the seven component catalyst to produce a combustion zone fluid; and contacting the combustion zone fluid with the steam reforming catalyst to produce the hydrogen-rich gas stream, wherein the hydrogen-rich gas stream comprises hydrogen.

The present disclosure provides an active material comprising a mixed metal oxide in a hydrotalcite derived rocksalt structure, a processes to convert paraffins to corresponding olefins and or heavier hydrocarbons using the active material, and a method of preparing the active material.

An electrode catalyst for a water electrolysis cell includes a catalyst and a polymer of intrinsic microporosity, and the polymer of intrinsic microporosity is neutral.