An object of the present invention is to increase the reduction performance of nitrogen oxides compared to existing three-way catalysts; simultaneously inhibit the emission of ammonia and nitrous oxide; simplify a process by means of a method of further doping an iridium-ruthenium catalyst into a commercial three-way catalyst; and expand the scope of application. The present invention provides a catalyst for simultaneously inhibiting the emission of ammonia and nitrous oxide by doping an iridium-ruthenium catalyst component into a three-way catalyst (TWC), a diesel oxidation catalyst, or a lean NOx trap supported on a honeycomb support.

The present disclosure provides a method for co-production of hydrofluorocarbons, which includes the steps of: preheating a mixture of chlorinated olefin and hydrogen fluoride; transferring the mixture to the top of a reactor; simultaneously introducing 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropene and dichloromethane to the middle of the reactor for reaction; dividing the reactor into three to six sections; filling each section with a catalyst; obtaining reaction products at an outlet of the reactor; and separating the reaction products to obtain various hydrofluorocarbon products, respectively. The present disclosure has the advantages of a high yield, an optimal selectivity and a low energy consumption.

Disclosed are catalyst compositions comprising two or more metal elements with high performances for selective alkyl-demethylation of C2+-hydrocarbyl-substituted aromatics, processes for making such catalyst compositions, and alkyl-demethylation processes using same. Also disclosed are preferred processes for making alkyl-demethylation catalyst compositions including a high-temperature calcination step, and preferred alkyl-demethylation processes having a high H.sub.2/HC molar ratio.

A hydrogenolysis bimetallic supported catalyst comprising a first metal, a second metal, and a zeolitic support; wherein the first metal and the second metal are different; and wherein the first metal and the second metal can each independently be selected from the group consisting of iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co).

Carbon-based single metal atom or bimetallic, trimetallic, or multimetallic alloy transition metal-containing catalysts derived from exoelectrogen bacteria and their methods of making and using thereof are described. The method comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a solution medium comprising at least an electron donor and an electron acceptor comprised of one or more salts of a transition metal; (b) providing exoelectrogen bacterial cells and mixing the exoelectrogen bacterial cells into the solution medium of step (a); (c) incubating the solution medium of step (b); (d) isolating the exoelectrogen bacterial cells from the incubated solution medium of step (c); and (e) pyrolyzing the exoelectrogen bacterial cells resulting in formation of the catalyst. The electron donor can be formate, acetate, or hydrogen.

An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for forming an undercoat layer capable of forming an undercoat layer that does not easily peel off from the substrate, an undercoat layer formed by the composition, as well as an exhaust gas purification catalyst and an exhaust gas purification apparatus each including the undercoat layer, and, to achieve the object, the present invention provides a composition for forming an undercoat layer, the composition containing tin oxide microparticles and tin oxide nanoparticles, wherein a content of the tin oxide nanoparticles is 8% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, with respect to a total content of the tin oxide microparticles and the tin oxide nanoparticles, an undercoat layer formed by the composition, as well as an exhaust gas purification catalyst and an exhaust gas purification apparatus each including the undercoat layer.

A catalyst-containing material includes a refractory matrix and particles of one or more catalytic metal elements or catalytic oxides. The particles are dispersed through, and embedded in, the refractory matrix.

A method for producing a catalyst system for gas reactions comprising at least one planar structure of noble metal having gas-permeable openings, comprising the steps of:

(1) providing at least one noble metal powder consisting of at least substantially spherical noble metal particles, and

(2) repeatedly applying the noble metal powder or powders provided in step (1) in layers to a substrate in a build chamber, respectively followed by an at least partial melting of the respective noble metal powder applied as a layer with high-energy radiation, and allowing the melted noble metal powder to solidify within the scope of additive manufacturing.

This invention provides an anisotropic nanostructure represented by the formula:
Ru.sub.xM.sub.1-x,
wherein 0.6≤x≤0.999, and M represents at least one member selected from the group consisting of Ir, Rh, Pt, Pd, and Au, and wherein Ru and M form a solid solution at the atomic level, and the anisotropic nanostructure has an anisotropic hexagonal close-packed structure (hcp).

The present disclosure provides a method for co-production of hydrofluorocarbons, which includes the steps of: preheating a mixture of chlorinated olefin and hydrogen fluoride; transferring the mixture to the top of a reactor; simultaneously introducing 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropene and dichloromethane to the middle of the reactor for reaction; dividing the reactor into three to six sections; filling each section with a catalyst; obtaining reaction products at an outlet of the reactor; and separating the reaction products to obtain various hydrofluorocarbon products, respectively. The present disclosure has the advantages of a high yield, an optimal selectivity and a low energy consumption.