Heterogenous azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions comprising 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFCO-1233xf) and water which may include from about 0.09 wt. % to about 92.69 wt. % 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFCO-1233xf) and from about 7.31 wt. % to about 99.91 wt. % water and having a boiling point between about 12.0° C. and about 13.6° C. at a pressure of between about 12.5 psia and about 16.5 psia. The azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions may be used to separate impurities, including water, from 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFCO-1233xf).

An integrated, co-product capable process is provided for producing taurine in particular with optionally one or both of monoethanolamine and diethanolamine from one or more sugars, comprising pyrolyzing one or more sugars to produce a crude pyrolysis product mixture including glycolaldehyde and formaldehyde; optionally removing formaldehyde from the crude pyrolysis product mixture, then combining the crude pyrolysis product mixture with an aminating agent in the presence of hydrogen and further in the presence of a catalyst to produce at least monoethanolamine from the crude pyrolysis product mixture; optionally recovering diethanolamine from the crude reductive amination product, sulfating at least a portion to all of the monoethanolamine product to produce 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate ester; and sulfonating the 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate ester to produce taurine.

A layered diesel oxidation catalyst for treatment of exhaust gas emissions from a diesel engine comprising: a flow-through monolith substrate having a honeycomb structure and comprising a front zone and a rear zone, wherein the front zone of the substrate comprises a combination of layers, one on top of another and comprising two or more of layers A, B and C; and the rear zone comprises Layer D, wherein: Layer A comprises platinum, palladium, or combinations thereof on a molecular sieve; Layer B comprises 1) platinum, palladium, or combinations thereof on a refractory metal oxide support; and 2) an alkaline earth metal, preferably barium, strontium or combinations thereof; Layer C comprises 1) a platinum group metal, which is platinum or a combination of both platinum and palladium on a refractory metal oxide support; and 2) a promoter metal, which is manganese and/or bismuth; and layer D comprises 1) platinum or a combination of both platinum and palladium on a refractory metal oxide support; and 2) manganese (Mn).

Provide is a functional structural body that can suppress aggregation of metal oxide nanoparticles and prevent functional loss of metal oxide nanoparticles, and thus exhibit a stable function over a long period of time. A functional structural body (1) includes: a skeletal body (10) of a porous structure composed of a zeolite-type compound; and at least one type of metal oxide nanoparticles (20) containing a perovskite-type oxide present in the skeletal body (10), the skeletal body (10) having channels (11) that connect with each other, and the metal oxide nanoparticles (20) being present at least in the channels (11) of the skeletal body (10).

[Problem to be Solved]

To provide a method for preparing a catalyst that has high activity and exhibits high durability with reduced elution of a catalyst metal when a liquid-phase oxidation reaction is brought about without combined use of an alkali; and a method for producing an oxide highly efficiently by use of the catalyst.

The method for preparing a catalyst has the following Steps 1, 2 and 3.

Step 1: preparing an aqueous dispersion of a catalyst carrying Pt on activated carbon;

Step 2: preparing an aqueous solution containing Bi in an ionic state; and

Step 3: adding the aqueous dispersion obtained in Step 1 to the aqueous solution obtained in Step 2.

[Problem to be Solved]

To provide a method for preparing a catalyst that has high activity and exhibits high durability with reduced elution of a catalyst metal when a liquid-phase oxidation reaction is brought about without combined use of an alkali; and a method for producing an oxide highly efficiently by use of the catalyst.

The method for preparing a catalyst has the following Steps 1, 2 and 3.

Step 1: preparing an aqueous dispersion of a catalyst carrying Pt on activated carbon;

Step 2: preparing an aqueous solution containing Bi in an ionic state; and

Step 3: adding the aqueous dispersion obtained in Step 1 to the aqueous solution obtained in Step 2.

Provided is a method for preparing glycolic acid which comprises oxidizing glycolaldehyde with molecular oxygen in the presence of a solvent and a supported catalyst. Said supported catalyst comprises (i) a noble metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Ru and Rh, (ii) Bi and (iii) a support. Advantageously, the supported metallic catalyst is more active than the catalysts used in prior art. Furthermore, the catalyst is more stable at oxygen rich conditions.

A method of producing a hydrofluoroolefin includes reacting a chlorofluoroolefin that is represented by Formula (I) or Formula (II) and that has 8 or less carbon atoms with a hydrogen molecule, in the presence of an intermetallic compound containing at least one first metal that is selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, rhodium, copper and iridium, and containing a second metal that is different from the first metal, to obtain a hydrofluoroolefin in which a hydrogen atom is substituted for at least a chlorine atom represented by Cl among chlorine atoms contained in Formula (I) or Formula (II).

##STR00001##

A catalyst comprising palladium, bismuth, and at least one third element X selected from the group consisting of P, S, Sc, V, Ga, Se, Y, Nb, Mo, La, Ce, and Nd, wherein the catalyst further comprises a support.

The invention concerns a process for preparing a catalyst comprising at least one metal M from the platinum group, tin, a phosphorus promoter, a halogenated compound, a porous support and at least one promoter X1 selected from the group constituted by gallium, indium, thallium, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. The promoter or promoters X1 and the phosphorus are introduced during one or more sub-steps a1) or a2), the sub-step a1) corresponding to synthesis of the precursor of the main oxide and sub-step a2) corresponding to shaping the support. The tin is introduced during at least one of sub-steps a1) and a2). The product is dried and calcined before depositing at least one metal M from the platinum group. The ensemble is then dried in a stream of neutral gas or a stream of gas containing oxygen, and then is dried. The invention also concerns the use of a catalyst obtained by said process in catalytic reforming or aromatics production reactions.