Provided is a catalyst which comprises a compound represented by formula (1) and which exhibits activity for at least one type of reaction selected from among hydrosilylation reaction or hydrogenation reaction with respect to an aliphatic unsaturated bond and hydrosilane reduction reaction with respect to a carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond. Formula (1): M.sub.n(L.sub.m) {M represents Fe, Co, or Ni having an oxidation number of 0, L represents an isocyanide ligand represented by formula (2), n denotes an integer of 1-8, and m denotes an integer of 2-12. Formula (2): (CN).sub.x—R.sup.1 (R.sup.1 represents a mono- to trivalent-organic group having 1-30 carbon atoms, optionally being substituted by a halogen atom, and optionally having interposed therein one or more atoms selected from among O, N, S, and Si; and x denotes an integer of 1-3.)}.

The present application is directed to a method for the conversion of nitrous acid to dinitrogen gas. In particular, the present application relates to a method for the conversion of nitrous acid to dinitrogen gas by contacting the nitrous acid with an amine-functionalized metal organic framework.

Metal ion-directed carboxylic acid functionalized polyoxometalate hybrid compounds, and their preparation method and applications in catalyzing the degradation of chemical warfare agent simulants. In the synthesis, Na.sub.2MoO.sub.4, p-hydroxybenzonic acid (PHBA), alanine (Ala), KCl, transition metal cations and As.sub.2O.sub.3 as raw materials and water are used as solvent. At room temperature, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) and the prepared polyoxometalate hybrid compounds were mixed together in anhydrous ethanol and stirred, and H.sub.2O.sub.2 was subsequently added into the reaction system. The catalytic reaction for the degradation of CEES was finished within 5 min under stirring. In the catalytic hydrolysis of diethyl cyanophosphonate (DECP), the catalyst, DECP, DMF and H.sub.2O were put together and mixed fully. The prepared polyoxometalate hybrid compounds have the advantages of high conversion, high selectivity and easy recyclability in catalyzing the degradation of two types of chemical warfare agent simulant.

Provided is an ionic solid having pores for incorporating a substance therein.

Provided is a catalyst which comprises a compound represented by formula (1) and which exhibits activity for at least one type of reaction selected from among hydrosilylation reaction or hydrogenation reaction with respect to an aliphatic unsaturated bond and hydrosilane reduction reaction with respect to a carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond. Formula (1): M.sub.n(L.sub.m) {M represents Fe, Co, or Ni having an oxidation number of 0, L represents an isocyanide ligand represented by formula (2), n denotes an integer of 1-8, and m denotes an integer of 2-12. Formula (2): (CN).sub.x—R.sup.1 (R.sup.1 represents a mono- to trivalent-organic group having 1-30 carbon atoms, optionally being substituted by a halogen atom, and optionally having interposed therein one or more atoms selected from among O, N, S, and Si; and x denotes an integer of 1-3)}.

A heterogeneous catalyst composition for para-hydrogen induced polarization includes ligand-capped nanoparticles dispersed in water. The ligand-capped nanoparticles include metal nanoparticles that are surface functionalized with organic ligands, a molecular weight of the organic ligands is no greater than 300 g/mol, and the organic ligands each includes multiple binding moieties as coordinates sites for binding to a nanoparticle surface.

Aspects disclosed herein include a system for generating singlet oxygen in a gas, the system comprising: a substrate; and hexanuclear clusters operably immobilized on at least a portion of the substrate; wherein each hexanuclear cluster comprises a photosensitive octahedral core complex characterized by formula FX1a: M.sub.6X.sub.8 (FX1a); wherein each M is independently Mo, W, or Re; wherein each X is independently a halide anion ligand; wherein the clusters are exposed to the gas and the gas comprises O.sub.2 gas; wherein the clusters are exposed to a light; and wherein each hexanuclear cluster is a photosensitizer configured to generate the gaseous singlet oxygen when irradiated by the light in the presence of the O.sub.2 gas.

A heterogeneous catalyst composition for para-hydrogen induced polarization includes ligand-capped nanoparticles dispersed in water. The ligand-capped nanoparticles include metal nanoparticles that are surface functionalized with organic ligands, a molecular weight of the organic ligands is no greater than 300 g/mol, and the organic ligands each includes multiple binding moieties as coordinates sites for binding to a nanoparticle surface.

Provided herein are metal-organic frameworks having a repeating core structure that generally includes a linker coordinated to a secondary building unit through O-metal-O bonds. The linkers create a framework with a plurality of pores, where a cobalt carbonyl moiety occupies at least a portion of the plurality of pores. Provided are also methods of making such metal-organic frameworks via a solvothermal reaction. The metal-organic frameworks are suitable for use in carbonylation reactions, such as carbonylation of epoxides. The metal-organic frameworks may be used for producing acrylic acid from ethylene oxide and carbon monoxide on an industrial scale. The production may involve various unit operations, including for example a beta-propiolactone production system configured to produce beta-propiolactone from ethylene oxide and carbon monoxide; a polypropiolactone production system configured to produce polypropiolactone from beta-propiolactone; and an acrylic acid production system configured to produce acrylic acid with a high purity by thermolysis of polypropiolactone.

Compositions can include compounds having a formula: Co.sub.yW.sub.1-xMx0.sub.4 (I), wherein M is Mo, V, or Nb; 0.5≥x≥0; and 1<y≤4; and wherein the compound has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern including characteristic diffraction peaks having d-spacing values of about 2.90 Å, 2.56 Å, and 1.73 Å. Methods can include making a bulk catalyst composition including (i) combining tungstic acid and cobalt carbonate and (ii) reacting the tungstic acid and cobalt carbonate to form a catalyst composition, wherein the cobalt carbonate has an X-ray powder diffraction pattern including characteristic diffraction peaks having d-spacing values of about 10.03 Å, 5.91 Å, 4.35 Å, and 4.21 Å.