A lithium secondary battery is provided and, more specifically, a lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode catalyst including a transition metal composite having a stable structure in which four nitrogens are bonded to the transition metal as a cathode catalyst for a reduction reaction of sulfur generated during operation of the lithium secondary battery having a sulfur-containing material included in a cathode thereof, thereby improving performance and longevity of the battery.

A process for the production of organic acids having at least three carbon atoms comprises the steps of forming an amount of carbon monoxide and reacting the amount of carbon monoxide with an amount of an unsaturated hydrocarbon. The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst, a strong acid, and a phosphine. In some embodiments, the unsaturated hydrocarbon is one of acetylene and methylacetylene, and the organic acid is one of acrylic acid and methyl acrylic acid. The reacting step is preferably performed with carbon monoxide produced from carbon dioxide.

A method for manufacturing a modified porous organic framework includes steps as follows. A mixed solution is provided. The mixed solution includes a porous organic framework, a plurality of group donors and a solvent. The porous organic framework includes a plurality of first ligands. Each of the first ligands includes at least one tetrazine group. Each of the group donors includes a reactive group and a modifying group covalently connected with each other. The reactive groups are alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, aldehyde groups, ketone groups or a combination thereof. A modifying step is conducted, wherein at least one of the reactive groups of the group donors is reacted with at least one of the tetrazine groups of the first ligands, so that at least one of the modifying groups of the group donors is covalently connected with the porous organic framework, whereby the modified porous organic framework is obtained.

A process for the production of organic acids having at least three carbon atoms comprises the steps of forming an amount of carbon monoxide and reacting the amount of carbon monoxide with an amount of an unsaturated hydrocarbon. The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst, a strong acid, and a phosphine. In some embodiments, the unsaturated hydrocarbon is one of acetylene and methylacetylene, and the organic acid is one of acrylic acid and methyl acrylic acid. The reacting step is preferably performed with carbon monoxide produced from carbon dioxide.