Various embodiments disclosed relate to bridged phthalocyanine- and napththalocyanine-metal complex catalysts and methods using the same for oxidation reactions. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of oxidation including contacting an oxidizable starting material including an alkene with a catalyst and an oxidant, to provide an oxidized product.

A highly pure optically active proton pump inhibitor compound can be produced safely and inexpensively in a high yield and enantioselectivity by a method of producing an optically active sulfoxide of Formula 2 or a salt thereof, comprising oxidizing a sulfide of Formula 1 or a salt thereof with hydrogen peroxide using an iron salt in the presence of a chiral ligand of Formula 3; wherein A is CH or N; R.sup.1 is hydrogen atom, an alkyl optionally substituted by halogen(s), or an alkoxy optionally substituted by halogen(s); one to three R.sup.2 may exist, and each of R.sup.2 is independently an alkyl, a dialkylamino, or an alkoxy optionally substituted by halogen(s) or alkoxy(s); each of R.sup.3 is independently hydrogen atom, a halogen, cyano or the like; R.sup.4 is a tertiary alkyl; and * and ** represent respectively R configuration or S configuration.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a linear inorganic coordination polymer and a metal complex compound which are prepared in the form of a metal nanostructure having various stereo structures and thus can be used as a catalyst or the like having an excellent activity in preparing a polyalkylene carbonate resin and the like, and a metal nanostructure and a catalyst composition comprising the same. The linear inorganic coordination polymer comprises a repeating unit having a form in which a predetermined oxalic acid derivative is coordinately bonded to a transition metal, and the metal complex compound comprises a plurality of linear inorganic coordination polymer chains and has a structure in which the plurality of polymer chains are linked to each other via a predetermined neutral ligand.

A catalyst system including the product of the combination of an unbridged Group 4 metallocene compound and a 2,6-bis(imino)pyridyl iron complex is provided. A process for the polymerization of monomers (such as olefin monomers) and a polymer produced therefrom are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to methods for producing hydrogen and calcium- or magnesium-bearing carbonates by capturing, converting, and storing carbon dioxide. The methods may include providing one or more calcium- or magnesium-bearing compounds; providing one or more water-soluble oxygenates; providing a plurality of catalysts; and reacting one or more calcium- or magnesium-bearing compounds and one or more water-soluble oxygenates with plurality of catalysts under conditions to produce hydrogen and calcium- or magnesium-bearing carbonates. The methods may include providing one or more calcium- or magnesium-bearing silicates; providing carbon monoxide; providing water vapor; and reacting one or more calcium- or magnesium-bearing silicates, carbon monoxide, and water vapor. The methods may include providing one or more calcium- or magnesium-bearing compounds; providing one or more water-soluble oxygenates; providing a catalyst; and reacting one or more calcium- or magnesium-bearing compounds and one or more water-soluble oxygenates with said catalyst.

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO.sub.2RR) provides opportunities to synthesize value-added products from this greenhouse gas in a sustainable manner. Efficient catalysts for this reaction are provided that selectively drive CO.sub.2 reduction over the thermodynamic and kinetically competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in organic or aqueous electrolytes. The catalysts are metal-polypyridyl coordination complexes of a redox non-innocent terpyridine-based pentapyridine ligand and a first-row transition metal. The metal-ligand cooperativity in [Fe(tpyPY2Me)].sup.2+ drives the electrochemical reduction of CO.sub.2 to CO at low overpotentials with high selectivity for CO.sub.2RR (>90%).

The instant disclosure provides a process for synthesis of compound of Formula:
X.sub.a-M.sup.z+-Y.sub.b,
wherein M.sup.z+ is a transition metal ion and X and Y are carboxylate anions. The catalysts are hydrocarbon soluble and the process for their preparation, as disclosed herein, constitutes an elegant method for the preparation of such catalysts.

Provided is a catalyst which comprises a compound represented by formula (1) and which exhibits activity for at least one type of reaction selected from among hydrosilylation reaction or hydrogenation reaction with respect to an aliphatic unsaturated bond and hydrosilane reduction reaction with respect to a carbon-oxygen unsaturated bond or a carbon-nitrogen unsaturated bond. Formula (1): M.sub.n(L.sub.m) {M represents Fe, Co, or Ni having an oxidation number of 0, L represents an isocyanide ligand represented by formula (2), n denotes an integer of 1-8, and m denotes an integer of 2-12. Formula (2): (CN).sub.x—R.sup.1 (R.sup.1 represents a mono- to trivalent-organic group having 1-30 carbon atoms, optionally being substituted by a halogen atom, and optionally having interposed therein one or more atoms selected from among O, N, S, and Si; and x denotes an integer of 1-3.)}.

The present invention relates to catalyst composition for cyclic carbonate production from CO.sub.2 and olefins using halohydrin agent as the co-reactant under mild conditions, which can effectively catalyze the cyclic carbonate synthesis and provides good selectivity to cyclic carbonate, wherein said catalyst composition comprising: a) the metal complex as shown in structure (I):

##STR00001## wherein, M represents transition metal atom; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 represent independent group selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkoxy group, amine group, phenyl group, benzyl group, cyclic hydrocarbon group comprising hetero atom, perfluoroalkyl group, or nitro group; R.sub.4 represents group selected from alkylene group, cycloalkylene group, or phenylene group; X represents group selected from halogen atom, acetate group, or triflate group; b) the halohydrin agent in at least one solvent; and c) at least one base.

A homogeneous catalyst is provided comprising one or more metals; and at least two metal coordinating ligands wherein the homogeneous catalyst is a multi-ligand metal complex adapted for use with an oxidant in an oxidation reaction to catalytically pretreat lignocellulosic biomass. In one embodiment, the homogenous catalyst is copper (II) 2, 2′ bipyridine ethylenediamine (Cu(bpy)en). Related methods are also disclosed.