This invention relates to a catalyst for use in the preparation of acetic acid through a methanol carbonylation reaction using carbon monoxide, and particularly to a heterogeneous catalyst represented by Rh/C.sub.3N.sub.4 configured such that a complex of a rhodium compound and 3-benzoylpyridine is immobilized on a carbon nitride support.

A production method of producing a fluorine-containing olefin by allowing a first olefin represented by the following Formula (1) and a second olefin to react with each other in the presence of a ruthenium compound represented by the following Formula (X) is provided.

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This disclosure relates to solid-supported bridged Pd(II)—N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts, methods of preparing the catalysts, and methods of using the catalysts in carbonylative Sonogashira coupling reactions.

An algae cultivation medium includes a growth medium and at least one of an amine additive and a water-soluble biomimetic catalyst. A related method of increasing carbon shuttling in an algae cultivation medium includes adding at least one of the amine additive and the water-soluble biomimetic catalyst to the algae cultivation medium.

The present invention relates to a simple process for regenerating a hydroformylation catalyst consisting of a heterogenized catalyst system on a support consisting of a porous ceramic material. The invention also relates to a process for the start-up of the hydroformylation reaction after regeneration according to the invention.

A compound of formula (I) wherein M is Pd(II) or Ni(II); X is a halide; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently organic groups having 1-20 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are linked to form a ring structure with the phosphorus atom; R.sub.3 is an organic group having 1-20 carbon atoms; provided that R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 are not each phenyl.

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Provided is a method of generating hydrogen efficiently using a renewable resource as a raw material.

A method of producing hydrogen according to the present disclosure is a method in which hydrogen is generated from a saccharide in the presence of a solvent and the following catalyst: catalyst which contains at least one metal element selected from the metal elements in Groups 8, 9, and 10.

The catalyst is preferably a complex or salt of the metal element, and particularly preferably a complex including the at least one metal element selected from the metal elements in Groups 8, 9, and 10 and at least one ligand selected from pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, cyclopentadienyl, p-cymene, and 1,5-cyclooctadiene.

As the solvent, it is preferable to use at least one selected from an organic acid and an ionic liquid.

The saccharide may be a lignin-saccharide complex, and is preferably cellulose.

The present disclosure relates to a hydrogen gas production method including: a first step of generating a mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a hydrogen storage agent by dehydrogenation reaction using a catalyst in a reactor; a second step of purifying the generated mixed gas to acquire a gas having a high hydrogen concentration; a third step of separating a solution in the reactor into a solution enriched with the catalyst and a permeate using a separation membrane unit; and a fourth step of supplying the solution enriched with the catalyst to the reactor for reusing in the first step.

Mixture of bisphosphites having an open and a closed outer unit and the use thereof as a catalyst mixture in hydroformylation.

Gold (I) complexes that can absorb light in the near-UV and/or visible regions and methods of making and using thereof are described. These gold (I) complexes have photochemical reactivities, such as strong absorption of near-UV and/or visible light, quenching rate constants ≥3.5×10.sup.5 s.sup.−1, etc., that allow them to catalyze photoredox reactions, such as homocoupling of organic halides (e.g. alkyl halides and aryl halides), alkylation of 2-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, cyclization of indoles, reductive dehalogenation of aryl halides, and/or C—H bonds cleavage, under near-UV and/or visible light. The product of a photo-induced organic reaction catalyzed by the gold (I) complexes described herein can have a yield that is higher than the yield of the same product formed from the same reaction under the same reaction conditions, using the same loading or a higher loading of [Au.sub.2(μ-dppm).sub.2](Cl).sub.2, [Ru(bpy).sub.3](Cl).sub.2, and/or [fac-Ir(ppy).sub.3] compared to the loading of the one or more gold (I) complex(es).