The present invention pertains to a novel process of manufacturing the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). The compound 1234yf is the newest refrigerant with zero OPD (Ozone Depleting Potential) and zero GWP (Global Warming Potential). Thus, the invention relates to a process, involving a carbene generation route, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), and optionally of the compound 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropene (1233xf) via carbene route and compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane). The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), wherein the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane) serves as a starting material, for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf). Further, the invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the compound 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), and of the compound 243db (2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane), the initial starting materials are selected from the group consisting of com-pound 123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), compound 124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), and compound 125 (pentafluoroethane).

Fluoride-containing nickel iron oxyhydroxide electrocatalysts for use as anodes in anion exchange membrane electrolyzers for generating hydrogen gas.

The present invention relates, at least in part, to a process for making chlorotrifluoroethylene (CFO-1113) from 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a). In certain aspects, the process includes dehydrochlorinating 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a) in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of (i) one or more metal halides; (ii) one or more halogenated metal oxides; (iii) one or more zero-valent metals or metal alloys; (iv) combinations thereof.

The present invention relates, at least in part, to a process for making chlorotrifluoroethylene (CFO-1113) from 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a). In certain aspects, the process includes dehydrochlorinating 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a) in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of (i) one or more metal halides; (ii) one or more halogenated metal oxides; (iii) one or more zero-valent metals or metal alloys; (iv) combinations thereof.

The present invention relates to the use of haloapatites as catalysts of the dehydration reaction of α-hydroxylated carboxylic acids or acid esters, in particular of lactic acid or of methyl lactate, and also to a process for producing unsaturated carboxylic acids or acid esters, in particular acrylic acid or methyl acrylate, in the gas phase in a stainless steel reactor, in the presence of such a catalyst.

An object of the present invention is to extend the catalyst lifetime in a method for producing fluoromethane by pyrolyzing fluorine-containing methyl ether in the presence of a catalyst. The present invention provides a method for producing fluoromethane by pyrolyzing a fluorine-containing methyl ether represented by Formula (1) in a gas phase in the presence of a catalyst,

the pyrolysis being conducted at a moisture concentration of 100 ppm or less,

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wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different, and each represents a substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, substituted or unsubstituted monovalent cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group, hydrogen atom, or halogen atom.

Catalysts and method of preparing the catalysts are disclosed. One of the catalysts includes a zeolite support, a Group VIII metal on the zeolite support, and at least two halides bound to the zeolite support, to the Group VIII metal, or to both, and can have an average crush strength greater than 11.25 lb based on at least two samples of pellets of the catalyst measured in accordance with ASTM D4179.

Catalysts and method of preparing the catalysts are disclosed. One of the catalysts includes a zeolite support, a Group VIII metal on the zeolite support, and at least two halides bound to the zeolite support, to the Group VIII metal, or to both, and can have an average crush strength greater than 11.25 lb based on at least two samples of pellets of the catalyst measured in accordance with ASTM D4179.

There are provided a novel aromatic aldehyde compound capable of providing an epoxy resin coating film and an epoxy resin cured material satisfying all of the excellent surface property (smoothness, gloss), drying property, water resistance, transparency and adhesion, and an epoxy resin curing agent and an epoxy resin composition containing the aromatic aldehyde compound. The aromatic aldehyde has a branched alkyl group having 10 to 14 carbon atoms.

There are provided a novel aromatic aldehyde compound capable of providing an epoxy resin coating film and an epoxy resin cured material satisfying all of the excellent surface property (smoothness, gloss), drying property, water resistance, transparency and adhesion, and an epoxy resin curing agent and an epoxy resin composition containing the aromatic aldehyde compound. The aromatic aldehyde has a branched alkyl group having 10 to 14 carbon atoms.