The present disclosure describes a compression device, a compression process, a method of producing synthetic materials and a method of sample characterization. The present disclosure belongs to the fields of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering.

The present invention provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for the treatment of containerized waste, such as hazardous, radioactive and/or mixed waste. The apparatuses and methods employ a combination of thermal decomposition and specialized lances.

A method and apparatus according to the invention is described, which in a first mode operates as an internal combustion engine delivering energy and in a second mode operates as a pulsed compression reactor converting electrical energy in the form of chemical compounds. In the second mode, at least one of the generated compounds is collected and temporarily stored.

The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of chemical compounds without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, the reactants necessary for the desired products are fed to compression reactors. In addition, the reaction conditions are controlled by means of an electronic control device. For this purpose, among other things, the compression reactors are combined with an electric motor, thereby influencing the residence time in the reactors. In addition, it is planned to raise the reactant pressures with the help of a compressor. In addition, the operating conditions are recorded with suitable sensors and/or analysers.

A recirculation circuit for a processing vessel is configured to process a load with a process fluid. The recirculation circuit includes a first circuit portion configured to recirculate a first portion of the process fluid through the vessel. The first circuit portion includes a first pump having a first flow rate and a first output pressure and a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the first pump. A second circuit portion is configured to recirculate a second portion of the process fluid through the vessel. The second circuit portion includes a second pump having a second flow rate higher than the first flow rate and a second output pressure lower than the first output pressure.

A piston pressure device includes a gas concentration-regulating piston pressure device and a high temperature autoclave. In the gas concentration-regulating piston pressure device, the proportion and concentration of corrosive gases can be accurately adjusted, intermediate gases can be stored and filled into the high temperature autoclave according to experimental needs, and an actual corrosion process in oilfield is accurately simulated. Meanwhile, the corrosive gases can be supplemented in real time during the experiment, and dynamic gas distribution in a high-temperature high-pressure corrosion experiment process is realized. The present invention has the advantages as follows: the piston pressure device is resistant to high temperature and high pressure, corrosion-resistant, simple in structure and convenient to operate; the concentration and proportion of the corrosive gases are accurately controlled to be invariable in the high-temperature high-corrosion experiment process; and reliability of high-temperature high-pressure corrosive experimental results is increased.

The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (1, 1′), having a lower part (20) and the lid (24) which can be locked to one another, in order, in the state in which they are locked to one another, to surround a reaction chamber (22) on all sides as a pressure space for initiating and/or promoting chemical and/or physical pressure reactions of samples (P) which are received in the reaction chamber (22), and a fluid inlet (FE) with a check valve (4) for feeding a fluid into the reaction chamber (22), the check valve (4) extending at least partially in the lid (24).

A container or load basket (80, 90) constructed for addressing thermal stratification of a product in the container/load basket and addressing thermal stratification of the processing medium during high pressure processing with a pressurized processing medium. The container includes an upper section (86, 96) forming a volume for receiving the product to be processed and a truncated lower section forming the bottom of the container. The bottom of the container is defined by a floor or partition (84, 92) extending across the lower portion of the container.The floor or partition can be constructed from the same material from which the upper section of the container is formed or a material that is more adiabatically active than the material from which the upper section of the container is formed.

A method for preparing supercritical fluid by deep-sea pressure is provided and belongs to the technical field of supercritical fluid preparation. The method includes the following steps of: placing low-pressure fluid in a closed flexible container, sending the closed flexible container down to a location of a sea at a depth where a seawater pressure meets a requirement by using a powered or unpowered traction device, leaving the flexible container standing still until a volume of the flexible container does not change, wrapping the closed flexible container with a rigid pressure-bearing container, transferring the closed flexible container to the sea surface by the powered or unpowered traction device, and taking out the fluid in the flexible container as supercritical fluid. Then the supercritical fluid is produced. Therefore, the process of preparing supercritical (high pressure) liquid in deep-sea is safer and more stable than the preparation way on land.

A system for treatment of a biomass material, said system comprising: a first vessel (3) in which said biomass material is treated under a first pressure; a second vessel (5) in which said biomass material is received and held at a second pressure which is lower than the first pressure; a transporting pipe (7) connecting an outlet (9) of the first vessel (3) with an inlet (11) of the second vessel (5) for transporting the biomass material from the first vessel to the second vessel; and a valve (15; 15′; 15) arranged in said transporting pipe (7), said valve being configured for controlling the flow of biomass material and fluid in the transporting pipe (7), wherein said transporting pipe (7) is asymmetrically connected to an outlet (33′; 33) of said valve (15; 15′; 15) such that a generated jet stream of biomass material delivered out from the outlet (33′; 33) of the valve (15; 15′; 15) is received closer to a transporting pipe longitudinal central axis (A1) than if the outlet (33′; 33) of the valve (15; 15′; 15) and the transporting pipe (7) would have been connected symmetrically.