A double-tube connection structure for detonation synthesis, a detonation synthesis device and an application thereof are provided. The double-tube connection structure for detonation synthesis includes a drive tube, a sample tube, fixing components, and end plugs provided at ports of the sample tube. The drive tube is sleeved outside the sample tube, cavities are provided between the drive tube and the sample tube, and between the drive tube and the end plug. The fixing components are provided on two ends of the drive tube and the sample tube. After detonation, a detonation wave is transferred from top to bottom. Under the action of the detonation wave, the drive tube performs convergent sliding motion towards the sample tube, and covers outsides of the sample tube, and the top end plug and the bottom end plug of the sample tube. A detonation synthesis device includes the double-tube connection structure for detonation synthesis.

A double-tube connection structure for detonation synthesis, a detonation synthesis device and an application thereof are provided. The double-tube connection structure for detonation synthesis includes a drive tube, a sample tube, fixing components, and end plugs provided at ports of the sample tube. The drive tube is sleeved outside the sample tube, cavities are provided between the drive tube and the sample tube, and between the drive tube and the end plug. The fixing components are provided on two ends of the drive tube and the sample tube. After detonation, a detonation wave is transferred from top to bottom. Under the action of the detonation wave, the drive tube performs convergent sliding motion towards the sample tube, and covers outsides of the sample tube, and the top end plug and the bottom end plug of the sample tube. A detonation synthesis device includes the double-tube connection structure for detonation synthesis.

The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of hydrocarbons and ammonia without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, waste gases containing CO.sub.2 or N.sub.2 from an upstream process are fed to compression reactors. In addition, hydrogen from an electrolyzer is fed to these reactors to enable hydrogenation of the fed substances. Methane, alcohols and ammonia, for example, can be produced by this process. In order to increase the yield of the process, it is planned to raise the reactant pressure with the aid of a compressor.

The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of hydrocarbons and ammonia without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, waste gases containing CO.sub.2 or N.sub.2 from an upstream process are fed to compression reactors. In addition, hydrogen from an electrolyzer is fed to these reactors to enable hydrogenation of the fed substances. Methane, alcohols and ammonia, for example, can be produced by this process. In order to increase the yield of the process, it is planned to raise the reactant pressure with the aid of a compressor.

Disclosed are systems and methods for producing particles of organic substances, in particular nanoparticles and microparticles of active pharmaceutical ingredients, wherein the particles are collected in the aid of an extension member engaged to a collection chamber and positioning a nozzle.

Disclosed are systems and methods for producing particles of organic substances, in particular nanoparticles and microparticles of active pharmaceutical ingredients, wherein the particles are collected in the aid of an extension member engaged to a collection chamber and positioning a nozzle.

The present invention is to provide a method for producing nanodiamonds doped with a Group 14 element, the method comprising: detonating by exploding an explosive composition containing at least one explosive and at least one Group 14 element compound in a sealed container to obtain nanodiamonds doped with at least one Group 14 element selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb, and removing the Group 14 element and/or oxide thereof by subjecting the nanodiamonds doped with a Group 14 element to an alkali treatment.

The present invention is to provide a method for producing nanodiamonds doped with a Group 14 element, the method comprising: detonating by exploding an explosive composition containing at least one explosive and at least one Group 14 element compound in a sealed container to obtain nanodiamonds doped with at least one Group 14 element selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb, and removing the Group 14 element and/or oxide thereof by subjecting the nanodiamonds doped with a Group 14 element to an alkali treatment.

Methods and systems to decarbonize natural gas using sulfur to produce hydrogen and polymers are provided. Sulfur can be introduced in elemental form or as hydrogen sulfide, as may be desired. Decarbonization of natural gas involves introducing natural gas and H.sub.2S to a first reactor to produce first reactor products including CS.sub.2 and H.sub.2. The CS.sub.2 can subsequently be polymerized and the H.sub.2 recovered in a purified form with little or no carbon emissions.

Systems and methods of synthesizing nanoparticles on substrates using rapid, high temperature thermal shock. A method involves depositing micro-sized particles or salt precursors on a substrate, and applying a rapid, high temperature thermal pulse or shock to the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors and the substrate to cause the micro-sized particles or the salt precursors to become nanoparticles on the substrate. A system may include a rotatable member that receives a roll of a substrate sheet having micro-sized particles or salt precursors; a motor that rotates the rotatable member so as to unroll consecutive portions of the substrate sheet from the roll; and a thermal energy source that applies a short, high temperature thermal shock to consecutive portions of the substrate sheet that are unrolled from the roll by rotating the first rotatable member. Some systems and methods produce nanoparticles on existing substrate. The nanoparticles may be metallic, ceramic, inorganic, semiconductor, or compound nanoparticles. The substrate may be a carbon-based substrate, a conducting substrate, or a non-conducting substrate. The high temperature thermal shock process may be enabled by electrical Joule heating, microwave heating, thermal radiative heating, plasma heating, or laser heating.