The present disclosure provides a quantum-dot ligand, a quantum-dot catalyst and a quantum-dot device. The quantum-dot ligand includes: a first ligand having a first group and a second group and a second ligand having an inorganic ion, in which a coordination bond is formed between the first group and a surface of a quantum dot, a hydrogen bond is formed between the second group and a hydroxyl group; and a coordination bond is formed between the inorganic ion and the surface of the quantum dot. The quantum-dot catalyst of the present disclosure can enhance a catalytic activity of the quantum dots and improve the catalytic performance.

The present invention concerns a method of production for carbon monoxide using a derivative of formic acid, in particular an alkyl formate. It also concerns a method chosen from among, the method of production of methanol, the method of production of acetic acid (Monsanto and Cativa methods), the method of hydroformylation of olefins (oxo and aldox method, the method of production of hydrocarbons (Fischer-Tropsch method), or the method of carbonylation of nickel (Mond method), comprising a step of production of carbon monoxide using an alkyl formate of formula (I) by the method according to the invention. It further concerns a “CO pump” or “CO liquid storage” method comprising a step of production of carbon monoxide using an alkyl formate of formula (I) according to the method of the invention.

A method for producing a carbodiimide compound, comprising a carbodiimide production step of reacting an aliphatic tertiary isocyanate compound (A) in the presence of an organic alkali metal compound (B) having Lewis basicity.

Provided herein are methods for converting CBD to a product mixture comprising Δ.sup.8-THC, Δ.sup.9-THC, or a combination thereof. The methods provided herein may comprise one or more of (1) a contacting step wherein a starting material comprising CBD, a catalyst comprising an iron (III) salt, and optionally a solvent are added to a reaction vessel, thereby forming a reaction mixture; (2) a conversion step wherein at least a portion of the CBD is converted to THC, thereby forming a product mixture; and (3) optionally, a separation step wherein at least a portion of the catalyst is removed from the product mixture. Advantageously, the methods utilize a catalyst comprising iron (III) sulfate, which is commonly used as a food additive and is generally recognized as safe for human consumption, and do not require the use of catalysts or other reagents that are hazardous to human health.

The present invention relates to a method for dissolving metals by photocatalysis. A metal-containing material to be dissolved is dispersed in a mixed solution of photocatalyst-containing cyanide and organic chloride; then, a photocatalyst is added; next, an oxygen-containing gas or a substance which is capable of generating oxygen is introduced; and irradiation is applied for a period of time to dissolve metals. Compared with the prior method, the present invention is advantageous in moderate reaction condition, energy conservation, environmental protection, low cost, and convenient operation, and is suitable for mass industrial treatment on metal dissolution.

The present invention discloses a method for preparing a cyclopenta[c]chromene compound. A cationic rare earth compound [Ln(CH).sub.3CN).sub.9].sup.3+[(AlCl.sub.4).sub.3].sup.3−.CH.sub.3CN is used as a catalyst, and p-methyl thiophenol is used as an accelerator for a catalytic reaction of a chalcone compound so as to prepare a product; and Ln, contained in the catalyst, represents a positive trivalent rare earth metal ion and is selected from one of La, Nd, Sm, Gd and Yb. According to the method, the starting materials are easy to obtain, the reaction process is simple, the catalyst usage is low, the catalyst is universally applicable to various substituted 2-hydroxy chalcones, and the obtained cyclopenta[c]chromene compound has not been reported. The catalyst synthesis method is simple and easy to obtain, and the yield of the target product is high.

A method for preparing the borate ester using a lithium compound includes: under the inert gas, stirring and mixing carboxylic acid and borane, and a catalyst lithium compound is added, then the borate ester is obtained with hydroboration; wherein the hydroboration is at room temperature for 10 to 80 min. After the hydroboration and is stopped by contacting air, the solvent is removed under reduced pressure, to obtain the borate esters with different substituents. The lithium compounds are n-butyl lithium, lithium aniline, p-methyl lithium aniline, o-methyl lithium aniline, 2-methoxyaniline lithium, 4-methoxyaniline lithium, 2,6-dimethylaniline lithium, and 2,6-diisopropylaniline lithium. The lithium compounds disclosed in the present invention can catalyze the boron hydrogenation reaction of carboxylic acid and borane with high activity under room temperature conditions; the amount of lithium compound is 0.1-0.9% of the molar amount of carboxylic acid.

Synthesis of silanes with more than three silicon atoms are disclosed (i.e., Si.sub.nH.sub.(2n+2) with n=4-100). More particularly, the disclosed synthesis methods tune and optimize the isomer ratio by selection of process parameters such as temperature, residence time, and the relative amount of starting compounds, as well as selection of proper catalyst. The disclosed synthesis methods allow facile preparation of silanes containing more than three silicon atoms and particularly, the silanes containing preferably one major isomer. The pure isomers and isomer enriched mixtures are prepared by catalytic transformation of silane (SiH.sub.4), disilane (Si.sub.2H.sub.6), trisilane (Si.sub.3H.sub.8), and mixtures thereof.

The present invention relates to the application of lithium 4-methoxyaniline in catalysis of the hydroboration reaction of an imine and a borane. A catalyst, a borane and an imine are successively stirred and mixed until uniform, reacted for 1 to 2 hours, and then exposed to air so as to stop the reaction, and the reaction liquid is subjected to decompression to remove a solvent therein, so as to obtain a borate with different substituents. The lithium 4-methoxyaniline disclosed in the present invention can catalyze the hydroboration reaction of an imine and a borane in a high activity manner at room temperature, wherein the amount of the catalyst is merely 4-5 mol % of the molar amount of the imine, and the yield of the reaction can reach 90% or more. The yield of a borate with different substituents can reach 99% with mild reaction conditions under an optimized condition.

Wacker oxidation can be used as a signal transduction mechanism for the selective and sensitive detection of ethylene in air via chemiresistive sensing. Using this system, the senescence of lisianthus flowers and carnations can be monitored.