The present invention relates to a simple process for regenerating a hydroformylation catalyst consisting of a heterogenized catalyst system on a support consisting of a porous ceramic material. The invention also relates to a process for the start-up of the hydroformylation reaction after regeneration according to the invention.

Provided herein are methods for producing α,β-unsaturated ketones from the condensation of methyl ketones in the presence of an amine catalyst. Such amine catalysts may be supported, for example, on a silica-alumina support. Such amine catalysts may be used in the presence of an additional acid. The α,β-unsaturated ketones may be produced by dimerization and/or timerization of the methyl ketones. Such α,β-unsaturated ketones may be suitable for use in producing fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, or precursors thereof. The methyl ketones may be obtained from renewable sources, such as by the fermentation of biomass.

Disclosed herein are organic-inorganic hybrid materials, in particular polyionic nanoclays, along with methods of making and using the same. The functionalized organic-inorganic hybrid materials are preferably of a phyllosilicate structure and comprise an octahedral ionic layer sandwiched between two tetrahedral layers, one or more charged chemical moieties covalently bonded to the tetrahedral layers, and optionally one or more counterions or functional groups associated with the hybrid materials. Methods of producing the same, by contacting a silane with a nucleophile and hydrolyzing the product thereof in the presence of a metal salt, are also provided.

Methods of making polyisobutylene and catalyst systems are described. Polyisobutylene compositions and catalyst system compositions are also described. In some embodiments, a method of making a catalyst system includes: providing a support material; calcining the support material; and forming a catalyst system by adding to the support material (a) a mixture comprising BF.sub.3, (b) a mixture comprising BF.sub.3 and a complexing agent, or (c) both. In some embodiments, a method of making a polymer composition includes providing a catalyst system comprising: (a) a support material selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2O.sub.3, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and combinations thereof; and (b) BF.sub.3; providing a feedstock comprising isobutylene; forming a reaction mixture comprising the feedstock and the catalyst system; contacting the isobutylene with the catalyst system; and obtaining a polymer composition.

A hydroprocessing catalyst composition that comprises a chelant treated metal containing support material having incorporated therein a polar additive. The catalyst composition is prepared by incorporating at least one metal component into a support material followed by treating the metal incorporated support with a chelating agent and thereafter incorporating a polar additive into the chelant treated composition.

Methods of making polyisobutylene and catalyst systems are described. Polyisobutylene compositions and catalyst system compositions are also described. In some embodiments, a method of making a catalyst system includes: providing a support material comprising one or more ion exchange resins; dehydrating the support material; and forming a catalyst system by adding to the support material (a) a mixture comprising BF.sub.3, (b) a mixture comprising BF.sub.3 and a complexing agent, or (c) both. In some embodiments, a method of making a polymer composition includes providing a catalyst system comprising: (a) a support material comprising one or more ion exchange resins, and (b) BF.sub.3; providing a feedstock comprising isobutylene; forming a reaction mixture comprising the feedstock and the catalyst system; contacting the isobutylene with the catalyst system; and obtaining a polymer composition.

The present invention discloses a selective hydrogenation catalyst and a preparation method and an application thereof, belonging to the technical field of catalysts. The selective hydrogenation catalyst comprises an active component and a carrier for supporting the active component, wherein the active component is a transition metal particle, the carrier is modified by a flexible chain ligand in advance, one end of the flexible chain ligand is uniformly distributed on the surface of the carrier, and the other end of the flexible chain ligand is coordinated on a transition metal. When the catalyst is used for catalytic hydrogenation reaction of dehydrolinalool or 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, the stability is good, the catalyst still has high selectivity after being used for a long time, and the quality of a hydrogenation product can be guaranteed.

The present invention discloses a selective hydrogenation catalyst and a preparation method and an application thereof, belonging to the technical field of catalysts. The selective hydrogenation catalyst comprises an active component and a carrier for supporting the active component, wherein the active component is a transition metal particle, the carrier is modified by a flexible chain ligand in advance, one end of the flexible chain ligand is uniformly distributed on the surface of the carrier, and the other end of the flexible chain ligand is coordinated on a transition metal. When the catalyst is used for catalytic hydrogenation reaction of dehydrolinalool or 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, the stability is good, the catalyst still has high selectivity after being used for a long time, and the quality of a hydrogenation product can be guaranteed.

A chiral catalyst represented by formula (II) is provided. In formula (II), Y independently includes hydrogen, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, wherein m=1-10 and n=1-10. A heterogeneous chiral catalyst is also provided. The heterogeneous chiral catalyst includes the chiral catalyst represented by formula (II), and a substrate connected to the chiral catalyst. ##STR00001##

A chiral catalyst represented by formula (II) is provided. In formula (II), Y independently includes hydrogen, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, wherein m=1-10 and n=1-10. A heterogeneous chiral catalyst is also provided. The heterogeneous chiral catalyst includes the chiral catalyst represented by formula (II), and a substrate connected to the chiral catalyst.

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