The invention pertains to the synthesis of carbamate and urea compounds. In particular the invention is directed to the synthesis of carbamate and urea compounds which may be used in the production of compounds that are used to stabilize nitrocellulose. The method of the invention comprises preparing a carbamate or urea derivative comprising reacting an amine and a carbonate or carbamate in the presence of an ionic liquid.

Disclosed herein are supramolecular porous organic nanocomposites for heterogenous photocatalysis as well as methods of making and using the same. The nanocomposite comprises an admixture of a polymeric matrix and a macrocycle.

An ammonia production method is a method of producing ammonia from nitrogen molecule using electron supplied from a power supply in the presence of a complex and a proton source. The complex used is, for example, a molybdenum complex (1) that is carried on Merrifield resin. The proton source used is an electrolyte membrane, a solution used in a cathode tank, or both the electrolyte membrane and the solution used in the cathode tank:

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An alkylation catalyst composition is provided which comprises an acid, an aromatic, and a third component selected from the group consisting of a base capable of forming an ionic liquid with the acid; and an ionic liquid. An alkylation process is also provided which comprises combining the alkylation catalyst composition with a feedstock under conditions to produce an alkylate product for a motor fuel additive. The alkylate product produced by the alkylation process is also provided.

The present invention provides a catalyst for an addition reaction of alkylene oxide, the catalyst comprises a nanocomposite ion-exchange resin having a structural formula of P-Im.sup.+-M.sup.−, wherein P is a nanocomposite resin matrix, Im.sup.+ is a cation derived from 5-6 membered heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom such as imidazolium cation, pyrazolium cation, pyrrolidinium cation, piperidinium cation, piperazinium cation, pyrimidinium cation, pyrazinium cation, pyridazinium cation, triazinium cation, and M.sup.− is an anion. The catalyst of the present invention can be used in the addition reaction of alkylene oxide and carbon dioxide. The catalyst has high wear resistance, high swelling resistance, and high activity. The products after the reaction are easy to separate, and the catalyst can be used continuously many times.

Provided is a method of generating hydrogen efficiently using a renewable resource as a raw material.

A method of producing hydrogen according to the present disclosure is a method in which hydrogen is generated from a saccharide in the presence of a solvent and the following catalyst: catalyst which contains at least one metal element selected from the metal elements in Groups 8, 9, and 10.

The catalyst is preferably a complex or salt of the metal element, and particularly preferably a complex including the at least one metal element selected from the metal elements in Groups 8, 9, and 10 and at least one ligand selected from pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, cyclopentadienyl, p-cymene, and 1,5-cyclooctadiene.

As the solvent, it is preferable to use at least one selected from an organic acid and an ionic liquid.

The saccharide may be a lignin-saccharide complex, and is preferably cellulose.

A protonated dimeric ionic liquid that enhances and improves the performance of a fuel cell catalyst. The protonated dimeric ionic liquid comprises 9′9′-(butane-1, 4-diyl)bis(3,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-1-ium) 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate (HTBD) Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) employing the protonated dimeric ionic liquid are also disclosed.

The present invention provides an effective and selective process for the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene furanoate (PEF), polylactic acid, polycarbonates, polyethers and polyamides into pure and high yielding valorized products by combining the glycolysis-hydrolysis reactions using a homogeneous acidic ionic liquid (AIL) catalyst, resulting in excellent polymer conversion.

A transformational energy efficient technology using ionic liquid (IL) to couple with monoethanolamine (MEA) for catalytic CO.sub.2 capture is disclosed. [EMmim.sup.+][NTF.sub.2.sup.−] based catalysts are rationally synthesized and used for CO.sub.2 capture with MEA. A catalytic CO.sub.2 capture mechanism is disclosed according to experimental and computational studies on the [EMmim.sup.+][NTF.sub.2.sup.−] for the reversible CO.sub.2 sorption and desorption.

In this invention is described: a) the preparation of a new heterogeneous catalyst based on mesoporous silica with variable geometry of pore arrangement, covalently functionalized by an ionic liquid and as a counterion a tungsten polyoxometalate (Keggin acid); b) the application of this catalyst with dual action: Bronsted-Lowry acid and oxidizing agent; and c) its application in chemical reactions is described as: condensation, oxidation, polymerization, and esterification. This type of catalyst offers the following advantages in the chemical industry 1) reusable; 2) promotes different transformations in a single stage, attributed to their acidic and oxidizing characteristics (dual action); and 3) efficiency in the chemical transformations described, which allow to obtain precursors of homogeneous hydroprocessing catalysts, of interest for some projects of transformation of heavy crude oils in situ.