Porphyrin photosensitizers including 5,15-di(naphthalimide) moieties useful for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, compositions including the same, and methods of use thereof.

Disclosed herein is a method for selectively reducing, using electrical energy, CO.sub.2 to carbon monoxide or formic acid, a catalyst for use in the method, and an electrochemical reduction system. The method for producing carbon monoxide or formic acid by electrochemically reducing carbon dioxide of the present invention includes (a) reacting carbon dioxide with a metal complex represented by formula (1), and (b) applying a voltage to a reaction product of the carbon dioxide and the metal complex represented by formula (1):

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A catalyst system including the product of the combination of an unbridged Group 4 metallocene compound and a 2,6-bis(imino)pyridyl iron complex is provided. A process for the polymerization of monomers (such as olefin monomers) and a polymer produced therefrom are also provided.

Platinum complexes having benzyl-based diphosphine ligands for the catalysis of the alkoxycarbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

The electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO.sub.2RR) provides opportunities to synthesize value-added products from this greenhouse gas in a sustainable manner. Efficient catalysts for this reaction are provided that selectively drive CO.sub.2 reduction over the thermodynamic and kinetically competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in organic or aqueous electrolytes. The catalysts are metal-polypyridyl coordination complexes of a redox non-innocent terpyridine-based pentapyridine ligand and a first-row transition metal. The metal-ligand cooperativity in [Fe(tpyPY2Me)].sup.2+ drives the electrochemical reduction of CO.sub.2 to CO at low overpotentials with high selectivity for CO.sub.2RR (>90%).

The present invention encompasses a catalyst composition that includes a heterogeneous oligomerization catalyst including a metal-organic framework, the metal-organic framework including a plurality of first metal ions coordinated to one or more ligands, wherein each of the one or more ligands has only one N-heterocyclic aromatic group. The present invention further includes a method of oligomerization that comprises contacting one or more olefins with the heterogeneous oligomerization catalyst to form one or more oligomers, wherein the heterogeneous catalyst comprises the said metal-organic framework and an optional support.

A homogeneous catalyst is provided comprising one or more metals; and at least two metal coordinating ligands wherein the homogeneous catalyst is a multi-ligand metal complex adapted for use with an oxidant in an oxidation reaction to catalytically pretreat lignocellulosic biomass. In one embodiment, the homogenous catalyst is copper (II) 2, 2′ bipyridine ethylenediamine (Cu(bpy)en). Related methods are also disclosed.

The present invention is drawn to artificial metalloenzymes for use in cyclopropanation reactions, amination and C—H insertion.

Disclosed is catalyst composition, a process for preparing the catalyst composition, and a use of the catalyst composition. The catalyst composition comprises 1 wt % to 4 wt % of free azacarbene, 1 wt % to 2 wt % of azacarbene iron, 15 wt % to 30 wt % of a phase transfer catalyst, 1 wt % to 5 wt % of a hydrogen donor, 5 wt % to 10 wt % of phosphoric acid, 0.5 wt % to 1 wt % of emulsifier, with the rest being solvent. This disclosure also provides a process for preparing the catalyst composition, comprising: mixing the free azacarbene and the azacarbene iron with the solvent according to a ratio, then adding and mixing the phase transfer catalyst and the hydrogen donor, then adding and mixing the phosphoric acid and the emulsifier to obtain the catalyst composition. The beneficial effect of this disclosure is: only less azacarbene iron and free azacarbene are needed to achieve rapid and efficient viscosity reduction of heavy oil.

Provided are compositions that include a metal-organic framework (MOF) including a framework defining an internal volume, an enzyme disposed within the internal volume, and a surfactant. Also provided are methods of making the compositions and their use.