The present invention relates to a process for preparing a double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst, comprising the reaction of an aqueous solution of a cyanide-free metal salt, an aqueous solution of an alkaline metal cyanide salt, an organic complex ligand and optionally a complex-forming component, wherein the metal cyanide salt is one or more compound(s) and is selected from the group consisting of potassium hexacyanocobaltat(III), potassium hexacyanoferrate(II), potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), calcium hexacyanocobaltate(III) and lithium hexacyanocobaltat(III), where the organic complex ligand is one or more compound(s) and is selected from the group consisting of dimethoxyethane, tert-butanol, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, ethylene glycol mono-tert-butyl ether and 3-methyl-3-oxetanemethanol, and wherein the alkaline metal cyanide salt used has an alkalinity by the titration method disclosed in the Experimental of between 0.700% and 3.000% by weight of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) based on the total weight of the alkaline metal cyanide salt used. The invention further relates to double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts obtainable by the process according to the invention and to the use of DMC catalysts for preparation of polyoxyalkylene polyols.

The invention is directed to ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts of the Grubbs-Hoveyda type. The new 2-aryloxy-substituted ruthenium catalysts described herein reveal rapid initiation behavior. Further, the corresponding styrene-based precursor compounds are disclosed. The catalysts are prepared in a cross-metathesis reaction starting from styrene-based precursors which can be prepared in a cost-effective manner. The new Grubbs-Hoveyda type catalysts are suitable to catalyze ring-closing metathesis (RCM), cross metathesis (CM) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Low catalyst loadings are necessary to convert a wide range of substrates including more complex and critical substrates via metathesis reactions at low to moderate temperatures in high yields within short reaction times.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst, comprising the reaction of an aqueous solution of a cyanide-free metal salt, an aqueous solution of a metal cyanide salt, an organic complex ligand, optionally a complex-forming component to form a dispersion, the dispersion being produced using a mixing nozzle and a peroxide. The invention further relates to double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts obtainable by means of the method according to the invention and to the use of DMC catalysts to produce polyoxyalkylene polyols.

Provided are a novel acyclic carbene ligand for ruthenium complex formation; a ruthenium complex catalyst using the ligand; a method of using the complex as a catalyst in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction; a method of preparing the ruthenium complex catalyst; and a method of preparing a linear alpha-olefin, the method including the step of reacting a linear or cyclic alkene compound in the presence of the ruthenium complex catalyst. The acyclic carbene ligand of the present invention and the ruthenium complex catalyst using the same have high selectivity and turnover number for terminal olefin formation in an ethylene-metathesis ethenolysis reaction, and thus linear α-olefins may be prepared with a high yield.

A production method of producing a fluorine-containing olefin by allowing a first olefin represented by the following Formula (1) and a second olefin to react with each other in the presence of a ruthenium compound represented by the following Formula (X) is provided.

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A method for producing a carbamic acid salt, including contacting a carbon dioxide-containing mixed gas having a partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 0.001 atm or more and less than 1 atm with an amino group-containing organic compound in the presence of a base in at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of an organic solvent having 2 or more and 8 or less carbon atoms, and a method for producing a carbamic acid ester or a urea derivative using the carbamic acid salt.

A synthesis method and a synthesis device of cyclododecene according to the present invention have a high conversion rate of cyclododecatriene which is a reactant and a high selectivity of cyclododecene which is a required product, and even so, have an effect of significantly decreasing a reaction time. In addition, the method and the device have an excellent conversion rate of cyclododecatriene and an excellent selectivity of cyclododecene, while maintaining excellent reactivity without an organic solvent such as ethanol. Therefore, a volume of the reactor relative to an output of cyclododecene may be further decreased. Moreover, the method and the device may minimize costs for facilities and process, are practical, decrease a process time, and are industrially advantageous for mass production as compared with the conventional art.

An algae cultivation medium includes a growth medium and at least one of an amine additive and a water-soluble biomimetic catalyst. A related method of increasing carbon shuttling in an algae cultivation medium includes adding at least one of the amine additive and the water-soluble biomimetic catalyst to the algae cultivation medium.

This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis catalysts, to the preparation of such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds, and the use of such compounds in the metathesis of olefins and in the synthesis of related olefin metathesis catalysts. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysis, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and in industrial applications such as oil and gas, fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

In one aspect, phosphine compounds comprising three adamantyl moieties (PAd.sub.3) and associated synthetic routes are described herein. Each adamantyl moiety may be the same or different. For example, each adamantyl moiety (Ad) attached to the phosphorus atom can be independently selected from the group consisting of adamantane, diamantane, triamantane and derivatives thereof. Transition metal complexes comprising PAd.sub.3 ligands are also provided for catalytic synthesis including catalytic cross-coupling reactions.