A novel process can be used for a heterogeneously catalysed oxidation reaction, in the presence of a pulverulent noble metal-containing catalyst, where (meth)acrolein, an alkyl alcohol, in particular methanol, and an oxygen-containing gas are converted to an alkyl (meth)acrylate, in particular methyl (meth)acrylate. A corresponding reactor suitable for performing the reaction is also useful. The process allows for an effective retention of the particulate catalyst and the continuous discharge of fines fractions of the catalyst powder which are present, particularly in a fresh catalyst batch as a consequence of its preparation. Such fines fractions may also be produced by abrasion during the reaction. The process allows for effective recycling, recovery, and utilization of these discharged catalyst fractions.

The Invention describes photocatalytic reactor systems that employ fluidization of the photocatalyst. These systems are useful for performing chemical transformations on a chemical containing fluid, including for VOCs. Aspects of the invention include non-imaging optics, abrasion resistant coatings and photoreactor designs.

Disclosed herein is a catalyst which comprises a silica core having an outer surface and a mesoporous silica shell having an outer surface and an inner surface with the inner surface being inside the outer surface of said mesoporous silica shell proximate to and surrounding the outer surface of said silica core. Wherein the outer surface of the mesoporous silica shell has openings leading to pores within the mesoporous silica shell which extend toward the outer surface of said silica core. The catalyst also includes catalytically active metal nanoparticles positioned within the pores proximate to said core, wherein the catalytic metal nanoparticles comprise about 0.0001 wt % to about 1.0 wt % of the catalyst. Also disclosed are methods of making the catalyst and using it to carry out a process for catalytically hydrogenolysizing a polyolefinic polymer.

The disclosure relates to a process for enriching a synthesis gas in hydrogen by contacting said synthesis gas with a water gas shift catalyst, the synthesis gas being a CO-rich synthesis gas including at least 15 vol % CO and at least 1 ppmv sulfur, and the water gas shift catalyst including Zn, Al, optionally Cu, and an alkali metal or alkali metal compound; the water gas shift catalyst is free of chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe), and has a pore volume, as determined by mercury intrusion, of 240 ml/kg or higher.

An exhaust gas cleaning catalyst for inhibiting particulates grain growth includes composite metal particulates containing Pd and Rh, where the average proportion of the total Rh atoms relative to the total Pd and Rh atoms is 0.5 atom %, and given an X-ray wavelength of 1.5403 , when the diffraction surface in XRD analysis is the crystal lattice face of the Pd(111), and diffraction angles 2 indicating the diffraction peak positions on the diffraction surface are identified, the absolute value of the difference between the theoretical lattice constant B from a formula related to Vegard's law using the identified values, and the actual lattice constant C from a formula related to lattice constants and Bragg's law does not exceed 1.02010.sup.3 (). A smaller absolute value of the difference between the theoretical and actual lattice constants is associated with a higher degree to which the Pd and Rh are combined with one another.

A method for preparing a porous nano-fiber heterostructure photocatalytic filter screen includes: preparing a noble metal nanostructure with tunable spectra and a heterostructure composite photocatalyst of a photocatalytic material; and preparing a large area and multilayer porous nano-fiber filter screen structure, while utilizing a scattering enhancement effect of metal nanoparticles in an porous optical fiber to realize repeated conduction of sunlight in the optical fiber and finally interact with the composite photocatalyst on a surface to improve photocatalytic efficiency. Preparation of the heterostructure composite photocatalyst with a wide spectral response of and tunable visible to infrared band spectra is realized, at the same time, with reference to high adsorbability, high light transmission of nanometer fiber and unique optical characteristics of metal nanoparticles, an air purification filter screen with a high sunlight utilization rate and a high catalytic degradation capability is creatively provided.

A catalyst includes a support, where the support includes an external surface, about 60 wt % to about 99 wt % silica, and about 1.0 wt % to about 5.0 wt % alumina. A catalytic layer is disposed within the support adjacent to the external surface, where the catalytic layer further includes Pd, Au, and potassium acetate (KOAc). In the catalyst, (a) the KOAc is from about 60 kg/m.sup.3 to about 150 kg/m.sup.3 of the catalyst; or (b) the catalytic layer has an average thickness from about 50 m to about 150 m; or (c) both (a) and (b). The catalyst also possesses a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of about 130 m.sup.2/g to about 300 m.sup.2/g and a geometric surface area per packed bed volume from about 550 m.sup.2/m.sup.3 to about 1500 m.sup.2/m.sup.3. The catalyst is highly active for the synthesis of vinyl acetate monomer and exhibits a high selectivity for vinyl acetate monomer.

The problem of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purifying agent for automobiles which is capable of improving the automobile fuel mileage as well as purifying the exhaust gas of the automobiles, and further extending the effective duration of the exhaust gas purifying agent for automobiles by a simple method of spraying the exhaust gas purifying agent for automobiles using only natural ingredients on the air filter.

The problem of the present invention can be solved by using a liquid containing a) tourmaline fine powder, b) porous material fine powder, c) fucoidan extracted from seaweeds, d) amino peptides and/or alginic acids extracted from seaweeds in water as the exhaust as purifying agent for automobiles by spraying on the air filter of automobiles.

A catalyst pellet has the shape of a column and has a cross-section having the shape of an ellipse in a direction perpendicular to an axis.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for converting CO.sub.2 to synthetic fuel such as CO using metal oxides and a conversion method using the same. The CO.sub.2 conversion catalyst according to the present invention can treat a large amount of CO.sub.2 per unit mole and is oxidized. In the reduction cycle, the catalyst has relatively high structural stability and excellent long-term stability as a catalyst, and it has excellent activity as a CO.sub.2 decomposition catalyst that can be used in a continuous flow reactor, such as for CO.sub.2 decomposition at a relatively low temperature.