Provided is a refining apparatus of a waste plastic pyrolysis oil including a reactor where a waste plastic pyrolysis oil is introduced and hydrotreated, wherein the reactor includes Area 1 including a hydrotreating catalyst having a Mo content of 1 to 15 wt % with respect to the total weight; and Area 2 including a hydrotreating catalyst having a Mo content of 5 to 40 wt % and a Ni or Co content of 4 to 50 wt % with respect to the total weight, and the waste plastic pyrolysis oil is refined by passing through Area 1 and Area 2 sequentially.

Disclosed herein in certain embodiments is a fluid catalyst cracking (FCC) additive composition that includes a first component, a second component, and optionally a third component. The first component includes beta zeolite and a first matrix. The second component includes ZSM-5 zeolite and a second matrix. The third component includes Y zeolite and a third matrix. The components are present in the additive composition in a range that provides for enhanced butylenes to propylene selectivity ratio and total butylenes yield when catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon feed.

The present invention relates to a stoichiometric-combustion spark-ignition engine comprising a specific exhaust gas system for reducing harmful exhaust gases resulting from the combustion process. The exhaust gas system consists in the through-flow direction of a three-way catalytic converter close to the engine, an oxidation catalyst and a gasoline particulate filter.

The disclosure relates to a process for enriching a synthesis gas in hydrogen by contacting said synthesis gas with a water gas shift catalyst, the synthesis gas being a CO-rich synthesis gas including at least 15 vol % CO and at least 1 ppmv sulfur, and the water gas shift catalyst including Zn, Al, optionally Cu, and an alkali metal or alkali metal compound; the water gas shift catalyst is free of chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe), and has a pore volume, as determined by mercury intrusion, of 240 ml/kg or higher.

Described is a catalyst obtained by supporting magnesium and cerium on activated alumina, firing same to immobilize the metals, and then impregnating same with palladium and performing reduction thereon, and is applied, when hydrogen peroxide is prepared by means of an anthraquinone process, to operation solution regeneration or hydrogenation, and thus an efficient regeneration conversion rate or synthesis yield is achieved.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for selective hydrodesulphurization of cracked naphtha streams in the form of an extrudate, which comprises a support based on an inorganic oxide and an outer layer bound to the support, wherein the outer layer comprises desulphurization metals dispersed therein forming a crown, the desulphurization metals being cobalt and molybdenum. The present invention also relates to the preparation of said catalyst by the incipient wetness impregnation method and to the process for selective hydrodesulphurization of cracked naphtha employing same.

Process for preparing a hydrocracking catalyst carrier which process comprises subjecting a carrier comprising an amorphous binder and zeolite Y having a silica to alumina molar ratio of at least 10 to calcination at a temperature of from 700 to 900 C., hydrocracking catalyst carrier comprising amorphous binder and zeolite Y having a silica to alumina molar ratio of at least 10, the infrared spectrum of which catalyst has a peak at 3690 cm.sup.1, substantially reduced peaks at 3630 cm.sup.1 and 3565 cm.sup.1 and no peak at 3600 cm.sup.1, hydrocracking catalyst carrier comprising an amorphous binder and zeolite Y having a silica to alumina molar ratio of at least 10, which catalyst has an acidity as measured by exchange with perdeuterated benzene of at most 20 micromole/gram, hydrocracking catalyst derived from such carrier and hydrocracking process with the help of such catalyst.

The invention provides a process for preparing liquid fuels and chemicals, which process comprises feeding carbon monoxide and hydrogen to a hydrogenation reactor, wherein the molar ratio CO:H.sub.2 is in the range of 1:0.5 to 1:0.9, catalytically hydrogenating said carbon monoxide in said hydrogenation reactor, condensing the effluent of said hydrogenation reactor to recover one or more organic liquid(s) and an aqueous solution, feeding a non-condensable component of said effluent into an oligomerization reactor; condensing an effluent discharged from the oligomerization reactor to obtain an additional organic liquid and an additional gaseous stream, separating said additional organic liquid, and either combusting said additional gaseous stream to produce heat and electricity, or processing same to obtain recyclable gaseous streams utilizable in said process.

Bimetallic catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) conversion of lignin into useful hydrocarbons are provided. The catalysts are bifunctional bimetallic ruthenium catalysts Ru-M/X.sup.+Y comprising a metal M such as iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) or zinc (Zn), zeolite Y and cation X.sup.+ (e.g. H.sup.+) associated with zeolite Y.

Catalyst compositions comprising a zeolite and a mesoporous support or binder are disclosed. The mesoporous support or binder comprises a mesoporous metal oxide having a particle diameter of greater than or equal to 20 m at 50% of the cumulative pore size distribution (d50). Also disclosed are processes for producing a mono-alkylated aromatic compound (e.g., ethylbenzene or cumene) which exhibit improved yield of the mono-alkylated aromatic compound using alkylation catalysts comprising one or more of these catalyst compositions.