A process of producing a catalyst comprises forming mesoporous beta zeolite particles, impregnating mesoporous beta zeolite particles with a metal and phosphorus to produce a metal and phosphorus impregnated zeolite, and incorporating the metal and phosphorus impregnated zeolite with clay and alumina to produce the catalyst. The forming step comprises converting a crystalline beta zeolite to a non-crystalline material with reduced silica content relative to the crystalline beta zeolite, and crystalizing the non-crystalline material to produce mesoporous beta zeolite particles.

A process for hydrocracking 2,4-dimethylpentane and/or 2,2,3-trimethylbutane can comprise: contacting a hydrocracking feed stream in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrocracking catalyst, wherein the hydrocracking feed stream comprises at least 0.5 wt % of 2,4-dimethylpentane and/or 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, based upon a total weight of the hydrocracking feed stream; and wherein the hydrocracking catalyst comprises a medium pore zeolite having a pore size of 5-6 A and a silica to alumina molar ratio of 20-75; preferably the hydrocracking catalyst comprises a medium pore zeolite having a pore size of 5-6 A and a silica to alumina molar ratio of 20-75 and a large pore zeolite having a pore size of 6-8 A and a silica to alumina molar ratio of 10-80, wherein the hydrogenation metal is deposited on the medium pore zeolite and the large pore zeolite.

A method for producing biodiesel using a sulfonated, carbonaceous catalyst produced from rice husk, Moringa seeds, or algae biomass, a method for producing the catalyst, and the catalyst itself.

According to one or more embodiments, a nano-sized, mesoporous zeolite particle may include a microporous framework comprising a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm and a BEA framework type. The nano-sized, mesoporous zeolite particle may also include a plurality of mesopores having diameters of greater than 2 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm. The zeolite particles may be integrated into hydrocracking catalysts and utilized for the cracking of heavy oils in a pretreatment process.

A modified UZM-14 zeolite is described. The modified UZM-14 zeolite has a Modification Factor of 6 or more. The modified UZM-14 zeolite may have one or more of: a Si/Al2 ratio of 14 to 30; a total pore volume in a range of 0.5 to 1.0 cc/g; at least 5% of a total pore volume being mesopores having a diameter of 10 nm of less; a cumulative pore volume of micropores and mesopores having a diameter of 100 or less of 0.25 cc/g or more; or a Collidine IR Bronsted acid site distribution greater than or equal to an area of 3/mg for a peak in a range of 1575 to 1700 cm.sup.1 after desorption at 150 C. Processes of making the modified UZM-14 zeolite and transalkylation processes using the modified UZM-14 zeolite are also described.

Photocatalytic materials with a composite photocatalyst of a metal oxide impregnated with elemental metal particles, can be embedded into a hydrophilic polymer having pores with diameters of less than 2 nm, to provide a useful water remediation and/or purification product. The metal oxide may be WO.sub.3, CeO.sub.2, Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, NiO, TiO.sub.2, and/or ZnO, and the elemental metal particles, impregnated or compounded into the metal oxide, may be Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Ce, Mn, Mo, V, Bi, Sn, W, Nb, Pd, and/or Pt. The photocatalytic materials may be easily removed and/or retrieved after use, and can effectively combat both chemical and biological contamination and/or fouling of water as well as the membranes composed of the photocatalytic material.

A multifunctional self-cleaning surface layer and methods of preparing the multifunctional self-cleaning surface layer are provided. The multifunctional self-cleaning surface layer includes an inorganic matrix including silicon and oxygen; a plurality of photocatalytic active particles distributed within and bonded to the inorganic matrix; and a plurality of nanopores defined within the inorganic matrix in regions corresponding to bonds between the plurality of photocatalytic active particles and the inorganic matrix. Water molecules may be disposed within at least a portion of the plurality of nanopores. In the presence of water and electromagnetic radiation, the plurality of photocatalytic active particles may facilitate a decomposition reaction of any oil or organic residue on the multifunctional self-cleaning surface layer.

Disclosed is a reactive filter, that is a selective catalytic reduction filter or an oxidative reaction filter, including a porous substrate including internal pores having their inner surface, totally or partially, directly coated with a catalytic zeolite material resulting from an in situ hydrothermal synthesis. Also disclosed is a process for preparing such a reactive filter and the use thereof in an engine exhaust depolluting system.

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, each or both of which may include a heteropolyacid. The hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support may have an average pore size of from 2 nm to 40 nm. Contacting the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support.

The present invention provides a catalyst composition comprising different metal oxides wherein the catalyst composition comprising Ce, Cr and Ni oxides and a process for preparation thereof. The catalyst composition is used for different reforming techniques for the production of syn gas (CO+H.sub.2) at the same time this material can be used in fuel cell as a anode for power generation as this synthesized material is having good thermal stability and can sustain various redox reaction cycles also.