The present invention relates to a SCR catalytic article, comprising a substrate and a copper-containing small pore zeolite, having a crystal structure characterized by a decrease of unit cell volume upon sulfurization and desulfurization of less than ?.sup.3 as determined by an X-ray powder diffraction, wherein the sulfurization and desulfurization are carried out in accordance with the processes as described in the specification, and to an exhaust treatment system comprising the same. The present invention also relates to a method for determining whether a metal-promoted small pore zeolite is resistant to irreversible sulfur poisoning and a method for evaluating whether a metal-promoted small pore zeolite is qualified for resistance to irreversible sulfur poisoning.

The present invention relates to a SCR catalytic article, comprising a substrate and a copper-containing small pore zeolite, having a crystal structure characterized by a decrease of unit cell volume upon sulfurization and desulfurization of less than ?.sup.3 as determined by an X-ray powder diffraction, wherein the sulfurization and desulfurization are carried out in accordance with the processes as described in the specification, and to an exhaust treatment system comprising the same. The present invention also relates to a method for determining whether a metal-promoted small pore zeolite is resistant to irreversible sulfur poisoning and a method for evaluating whether a metal-promoted small pore zeolite is qualified for resistance to irreversible sulfur poisoning.

The present invention relates to a SCR catalytic article, comprising a substrate and a copper-containing small pore zeolite, having a crystal structure characterized by a decrease of unit cell volume upon sulfurization and desulfurization of less than ?.sup.3 as determined by an X-ray powder diffraction, wherein the sulfurization and desulfurization are carried out in accordance with the processes as described in the specification, and to an exhaust treatment system comprising the same. The present invention also relates to a method for determining whether a metal-promoted small pore zeolite is resistant to irreversible sulfur poisoning and a method for evaluating whether a metal-promoted small pore zeolite is qualified for resistance to irreversible sulfur poisoning.

The present invention relates to a SCR catalytic article, comprising a substrate and a copper-containing small pore zeolite, having a crystal structure characterized by a decrease of unit cell volume upon sulfurization and desulfurization of less than ?.sup.3 as determined by an X-ray powder diffraction, wherein the sulfurization and desulfurization are carried out in accordance with the processes as described in the specification, and to an exhaust treatment system comprising the same. The present invention also relates to a method for determining whether a metal-promoted small pore zeolite is resistant to irreversible sulfur poisoning and a method for evaluating whether a metal-promoted small pore zeolite is qualified for resistance to irreversible sulfur poisoning.

The present invention relates to a composition based on Al and Ce in the form of oxides (composition C1); or based on Al, Ce and La in the form of oxides (composition C2), with the following proportions: the proportion of CeO.sub.2 is between 3.0 wt % and 35.0 wt %; the proportion of La.sub.2O.sub.3 (for composition C.sub.2 only) is between 0.1 wt % and 6.0 wt %; the remainder as Al.sub.2O.sub.3; exhibiting the following porosity profile: a pore volume in the range of pores with a size of between 5 nm and 100 nm which is between 0.35 and 1.00 mL/g; anda pore volume in the range of pores with a size of between 100 nm and 1000 nm which is less than or equal to 0.15 mL/g, these pore volumes being determined by means of the mercury porosimetry technique; and the following properties: a mean size of the crystallites after calcination in air at 1100? C. for 5 hours (denoted D1100? C.-5 h) which is lower than 45.0 nm, preferably lower than 40.0 nm; a mean size of the crystallites after calcination in air at 900? C. for 2 hours (denoted D900? C.-2 h) which is lower than 25.0 nm, preferably lower than 20.0 nm, even more preferably lower than 15.0 nm; andan increase ?D of the mean size of the crystallites lower than 30.0 nm, preferably lower than 25.0 nm, ?D being calculated with the following formula: ?D=D.sub.1100?C-2h-D.sub.900C-5h; the mean size of the crystallites being obtained by XRD from the diffraction peak [111] of the cubic phase corresponding to cerium oxide, generally present at 2? between 28.0 and 30.0.

The present invention relates to a composition based on Al and Ce in the form of oxides (composition C1); or based on Al, Ce and La in the form of oxides (composition C2), with the following proportions: the proportion of CeO.sub.2 is between 3.0 wt % and 35.0 wt %; the proportion of La.sub.2O.sub.3 (for composition C.sub.2 only) is between 0.1 wt % and 6.0 wt %; the remainder as Al.sub.2O.sub.3; exhibiting the following porosity profile: a pore volume in the range of pores with a size of between 5 nm and 100 nm which is between 0.35 and 1.00 mL/g; anda pore volume in the range of pores with a size of between 100 nm and 1000 nm which is less than or equal to 0.15 mL/g, these pore volumes being determined by means of the mercury porosimetry technique; and the following properties: a mean size of the crystallites after calcination in air at 1100? C. for 5 hours (denoted D1100? C.-5 h) which is lower than 45.0 nm, preferably lower than 40.0 nm; a mean size of the crystallites after calcination in air at 900? C. for 2 hours (denoted D900? C.-2 h) which is lower than 25.0 nm, preferably lower than 20.0 nm, even more preferably lower than 15.0 nm; andan increase ?D of the mean size of the crystallites lower than 30.0 nm, preferably lower than 25.0 nm, ?D being calculated with the following formula: ?D=D.sub.1100?C-2h-D.sub.900C-5h; the mean size of the crystallites being obtained by XRD from the diffraction peak [111] of the cubic phase corresponding to cerium oxide, generally present at 2? between 28.0 and 30.0.

MFI zeolite and methods for converting alkenes to higher liquid products. The method includes contacting one or more alkenes having about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms with a MFI zeolite having a silicon to aluminum ratio (Si:Al) of about 20 to about 100 and a crystallite size of about 0.001 ?m to about 0.1 ?m; and oligomerizing the one or more alkenes in the presence of the MFI zeolite to form an oligomer having 4 to 26 carbon atoms.

MFI zeolite and methods for converting alkenes to higher liquid products. The method includes contacting one or more alkenes having about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms with a MFI zeolite having a silicon to aluminum ratio (Si:Al) of about 20 to about 100 and a crystallite size of about 0.001 ?m to about 0.1 ?m; and oligomerizing the one or more alkenes in the presence of the MFI zeolite to form an oligomer having 4 to 26 carbon atoms.

Disclosed are methods for conversion of ?-hydroxy carbonyl species and preparation of amino alcohol precursor using bifunctional catalysts derived from layer double hydroxides. By the bifunctional catalyst, the abundant basic sites on HTO allow retro-aldol condensation to outpace direct hydrogenation, thus achieving an exceptional selectivity towards a desired product produced through retro-aldol condensation and then hydrogenation. Accordingly, this method exhibits particular utility in the renewable production of N-acetylethanolamine from biomass-derived N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) without using homogeneous base as a co-catalyst.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for IrO.sub.2 catalysts, methods of making IrO.sub.2 catalysts, methods of using IrO.sub.2 catalysts to make methanol, formaldehyde, and/or ethylene from CH.sub.4, systems for using IrO.sub.2 catalysts, and the like.